US consumers, business pay 90% of tariff costs, says Federal Reserve
US businesses and consumers paid nearly 90 percent of the cost of Donald Trumpβs tariffs last year, according to new Federal Reserve research that undercuts the presidentβs claim that foreign companies would bear the burden.
The study by the New York Fed found that the majority of tariff costs were passed through to Americans in the first 11 months of 2025, although exporters shouldered an increasing amount as the year progressed.
βOur results show that the bulk of the tariff incidence continues to fall on US firms and consumers,β the studyβs authors wrote in a blog post on Thursday.


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