Several pro-Russia hacker groups have allegedly carried out a massive Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack in Romania on June 18, 2024. The Romania Cyberattack has affected critical websites, including the official site of Romania and portals of the country’s stock exchange and financial institutions. The attack was allegedly conducted by NoName in collaboration with the Russian Cyber Army, HackNet, and CyberDragon and Terminus. The extent of the damage, however, remains unclear.

Details About Romania Cyberattack

According to NoName, the cyberattack was carried out on Romania for its pro-Ukraine stance in the Russia-Ukraine war. In its post on X, NoName claimed, “Together with colleagues shipped another batch of DDoS missiles to Romanian government websites.” The threat actor claimed to have attacked the following websites:

• The Government of Romania: This is not the first time that the country’s official site was hacked. In 2022, Pro-Russia hacker group Killnet claimed to have carried out cyberattacks on websites of the government and Defense Ministry. However, at that time, the Romania Government claimed that there was no compromise of data due to the attack and the websites were soon restored.
• National Bank of Romania: The National Bank of Romania is the central bank of Romania and was established in April 1880. Its headquarters are in the capital city of Bucharest.
• Aedificium Bank for Housing: A banking firm that provides residential lending, home loans, savings, and financing services. It was founded in 2004 and has branches in the European Union (EU), and Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA).
• Bucharest Stock Exchange: The Bucharest Stock Exchange is the stock exchange of Romania located in Bucharest. As of 2023, there were 85 companies listed on the BVB.

Despite the bold claims made by the NoName group, the extent of the Romania cyberattack, details of compromised data, or the motive behind the attack remain undisclosed. A visual examination of the affected organizations’ websites shows that all the listed websites are experiencing accessibility issues. These issues range from “403 Forbidden” errors to prolonged loading times, indicating a probable disruption or compromise. The situation is dynamic and continues to unravel. It is imperative to approach this information cautiously, as unverified claims in the cybersecurity world are not uncommon. The alleged NoName attack highlights the persistent threat of cyberattacks on critical entities, such as government organizations and financial institutions. However, official statements from the targeted organizations have yet to be released, leaving room for skepticism regarding the severity and authenticity of the Romania cyberattack claim. Until official communication is provided by the affected organizations, the true nature and impact of the alleged NoName attack remain uncertain.

Romania Cyberattacks Are Not Uncommon

This isn’t the first instance of NoName targeting organizations in Romania. In March this year, NoName attacked the Ministry of Internal Affairs, The Service of Special Communications, and the Central Government. In February, Over a hundred Romanian healthcare facilities were affected by a ransomware attack by an unknown hacker, with some doctors forced to resort to pen and paper.

How to Mitigate NoName DDoS attacks

Mitigation against NoName’s DDoS attacks require prolonged cloud protection tools and specialized software and filtering tools to detect the flow of traffic before it can hit the servers. In some cases, certain antivirus software can be successful in detecting threats that can be used by organizations to launch DDoS attacks. A robust and essential cyber hygiene practice to avoid threats includes patching vulnerabilities and not opening phishing emails that are specially crafted to look like urgent communications from legitimate government organizations and other spoofed entities. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

META stealer v5.0 has recently launched, heralding a new phase of advanced and heightened features for the infostealer. This latest version introduces TLS encryption between the build and the C2 panel, a significant enhancement similar to recent updates in other leading stealers like Lumma and Vidar. The update announcement (screenshot below) emphasizes several key improvements aimed at enhancing functionality and security. This includes integration with TLS encryption, ensuring secure communication channels between the build and the control panel. This upgrade highlights the malware developer's commitment to enhance the stealer's capabilities and reach. [caption id="attachment_77605" align="alignnone" width="450"] META stealer 5.0 details (source: X)[/caption]

Decoding the New META Stealer v5.0: Features and Capabilities

The new META Stealer v5.0 update introduces a new build system allowing users to generate unique builds tailored to their specific requirements. This system is supported by the introduction of "Stub token" currency, enabling users to create new Runtime stubs directly from the panel. This feature enhances flexibility and customization options for users. Another notable addition is the "Crypt build" option, enhancing security by encrypting builds to avoid detection during scans. This feature ensures that builds remain undetected at scan time, reinforcing the stealer's stealth capabilities, thus creating the perfect hindering plan for the information stealer. Additionally, the update includes improvements to the panel's security and licensing systems. The redesigned panel incorporates enhanced protection measures, while the revamped licensing system aims to reduce operational disruptions for users.

Previous META Stealer Promises and Upgrades 

The makers of META Stealer released the new update on June 17th, 2024 with a special focus on implementing a new system for generating unique stubs per user. This approach enhances individualized security and also highlights the stealer's commitment to continuous improvement and user satisfaction. Previously, in February 2023, META Stealer underwent significant updates with version 4.3. This update introduced features such as enhanced detection cleaning, the ability to create builds in multiple formats (including *.vbs and *.js), and integration with Telegram for build creation. These enhancements demonstrate META stealer's commitment to target unsuspecting victims.  META stealer continues to evolve with each update, reinforcing its position as a versatile and robust information stealer designed to meet the diverse needs of its user base while continuing targeting victims globally. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Fraud Management & Cybercrime , Healthcare , Industry Specific Rubrik’s Steve Stone on Reducing Data-Related Vulnerabilities in Healthcare June 18, 2024     Steve Stone, head of Zero Labs, Rubrik The recent ransomware attack on a key UK National Health Service IT vendor has forced two London hospitals to reschedule […]

La entrada NHS Ransomware Attack: What Makes Healthcare a Prime Target for Ransomware? – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Cybercrime , Fraud Management & Cybercrime , Government Justice Says Sagar Steven Singh and Nicholas Ceraolo Doxed and Threatened Victims Chris Riotta (@chrisriotta) • June 17, 2024     Image: Shutterstock Two hackers pleaded guilty Monday in federal court to conspiring to commit computer intrusion and aggravated identity theft. Authorities […]

La entrada Hackers Plead Guilty After Breaching Law Enforcement Portal – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Fraud Management & Cybercrime , Geo Focus: Asia , Geo-Specific Hackers Used Dozens of Servers to Distribute Malicious Android Apps Jayant Chakravarti (@JayJay_Tech) • June 17, 2024     The Singapore Police Force arrested a man they said is a cybercrime ringleader from Malaysia. (Image: Public Affairs Department, Singapore Police […]

La entrada Police Dismantle Asian Crime Ring Behind $25M Android Fraud – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning , Governance & Risk Management , Government US Cyber Defense Agency Developing AI Security Incident Collaboration Playbook Chris Riotta (@chrisriotta) • June 17, 2024     The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency is crafting a comprehensive framework to unify government, industry and global partners in […]

La entrada CISA Conducts First-Ever AI Security Incident Response Drill – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Threat Actors (TAs) associated with the notorious MEDUSA ransomware have escalated their activities and have allegedly targeted two institutions in the USA. In a scenario mirroring all of its previous attacks, the group has not divulged critical information, such as the type of compromised data. It has, however, demanded a bounty of US $120,000 from Fitzgerald, DePietro & Wojnas CPAs, P.C and $100,000 from Tri-City College Prep High School to stop leaking internal data of the concerned organizations.

Understanding the MEDUSA Ransomware Attack

One of the two institutions targeted by MEDUSA is Tri-Cities Preparatory High School, a public charter middle and high school located in Prescott, Arizona, USA. The threat actor claimed to have access to 1.2 GB of the school's data and has threatened to publish it within 7-8 days. The other organization that the group has claimed to have targeted is Fitzgerald, DePietro & Wojnas CPAs, P.C. It is an accounting firm based in Utica, New York, USA. The group claims to have access to 92.5 GB of the firm's data and has threatened to publish it within 8–9 days. Despite the tall claims made by the ransomware group, the official websites of the targeted companies seem to be fully functional, with no signs of any foul activity. The organizations, however, have not yet reacted to the alleged cyberattack, leaving the claims made by the ransomware group unverified.  The article would be updated once the respective organizations respond to the claims. The absence of confirmation raises the question of the authenticity of the ransomware claim. It remains to be seen if the tactic employed by MEDUSA group is to garner attention or if there are any ulterior motives attached to their actions. Only an official statement by the affected organizations can reveal the true nature of the situation. However, if the claims made by the MEDUSA ransomware group do turn out to be true, then the consequences could be sweeping. The potential leak of sensitive data could pose a significant threat to the affected organizations and their staff, students and employees.

Who is the MEDUSA Ransomware Group?

MEDUSA first came into limelight in June 2021 and has since launched attacks on organizations in many countries targeting multiple industries, including healthcare, education, manufacturing, and retail. Most of the victims, though, have established their base in the United States of America. MEDUSA carries out its attacks as a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) platform. It provides would-be target organizations with malicious software and infrastructure required to carry out disrupting ransomware attacks. The ransomware group also runs a public Telegram channel that TAs utilize to post data that might be stolen, which could be an attempt to extort organizations and demand ransom.

History of MEDUSA Ransomware Attacks

Last week, the Medusa group took ownership of the cyberattack on Australia’s Victoria Racing Club (VRC). To provide authenticity, Medusa shared thirty documents from the club and demanded a ransom of US$700,000 from anyone who wanted to either delete the data or else download it. The leaked data included financial details of gaming machines, prizes won by VRC members, customer invoices, marketing details, names, email addresses, and mobile phone numbers. The VRC confirmed the breach, with its chief executive Steve Rosich releasing a statement: "We are currently communicating with our employees, members, partners, and sponsors to inform them that the VRC recently experienced a cyber incident.” In 2024, MEDUSA had targeted four organizations across different countries, including France, Italy, and Spain. The group’s modus operandi remains constant, with announcements being made on their dark web forum accompanied by deadlines and ransom demands. As organizations grapple with the fallout of cyberattacks by groups like MEDUSA, it becomes critical to remain cautious and implement strategic security measures. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Guidehouse Inc., based in McLean, Virginia, and Nan McKay and Associates, headquartered in El Cajon, California, have agreed to pay settlements totaling $11.3 million to resolve allegations under the False Claims Act. The settlements came from their failure to meet cybersecurity requirements in contracts aimed at providing secure online access for low-income New Yorkers applying for federal rental assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic.

What Exactly Happened?

In response to the economic hardships brought on by the pandemic, Congress enacted the Emergency Rental Assistance Program (ERAP) in early 2021. This initiative was designed to offer financial support to eligible low-income households in covering rent, rental arrears, utilities, and other housing-related expenses. Participating state agencies, such as New York's Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance (OTDA), were tasked with distributing federal funding to qualified tenants and landlords. Guidehouse assumed a pivotal role as the prime contractor for New York's ERAP, responsible for overseeing the ERAP technology and services. Nan McKay acted as Guidehouse's subcontractor, entrusted with delivering and maintaining the ERAP technology used by New Yorkers to submit online applications for rental assistance.

Admission of Violations and Settlement

Critical to the allegations were breaches in cybersecurity protocols. Both Guidehouse and Nan McKay admitted to failing their obligation to conduct required pre-production cybersecurity testing on the ERAP Application. Consequently, the ERAP system went live on June 1, 2021, only to be shut down twelve hours later by OTDA due to a cybersecurity breach. This data breach exposed the personally identifiable information (PII) of applicants, which was found accessible on the Internet. Guidehouse and Nan McKay acknowledged that proper cybersecurity testing could have detected and potentially prevented such breaches. Additionally, Guidehouse admitted to using a third-party data cloud software program to store PII without obtaining OTDA’s permission, violating their contractual obligations.

Government Response and Accountability

Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Brian M. Boynton of the Justice Department’s Civil Division emphasized the importance of adhering to cybersecurity commitments associated with federal funding. "Federal funding frequently comes with cybersecurity obligations, and contractors and grantees must honor these commitments,” said Boynton. “The Justice Department will continue to pursue knowing violations of material cybersecurity requirements aimed at protecting sensitive personal information.” U.S. Attorney Carla B. Freedman for the Northern District of New York echoed these sentiments, highlighting the necessity for federal contractors to prioritize cybersecurity obligations. “Contractors who receive federal funding must take their cybersecurity obligations seriously,” said Freedman. “We will continue to hold entities and individuals accountable when they knowingly fail to implement and follow cybersecurity requirements essential to protect sensitive information.” Acting Inspector General Richard K. Delmar of the Department of the Treasury emphasized the severe impact of these breaches on a program crucial to the government’s pandemic recovery efforts. He expressed gratitude for the partnership with the DOJ in addressing this breach and ensuring accountability. “These vendors failed to meet their data integrity obligations in a program on which so many eligible citizens depend for rental security, which jeopardized the effectiveness of a vital part of the government’s pandemic recovery effort,” said Delmar. “Treasury OIG is grateful for DOJ’s support of its oversight work to accomplish this recovery.” New York State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli emphasized the critical role of protecting the integrity of programs like ERAP, vital to economic recovery. He thanked federal partners for their collaborative efforts in holding these contractors accountable. “This settlement sends a strong message to New York State contractors that there will be consequences if they fail to safeguard the personal information entrusted to them or meet the terms of their contracts,” said DiNapoli. “Rental assistance has been vital to our economic recovery, and the integrity of the program needs to be protected. I thank the United States Department of Justice, United States Attorney for the Northern District of New York Freedman and the United States Department of Treasury Office of the Inspector General for their partnership in exposing this breach and holding these vendors accountable.”

Initiative to Address Cybersecurity Risks

In response to such breaches, the Deputy Attorney General announced the Civil Cyber-Fraud Initiative on October 6, 2021. This initiative aims to hold accountable entities or individuals who knowingly endanger sensitive information through inadequate cybersecurity practices or misrepresentations. The investigation into these breaches was initiated following a whistleblower lawsuit under the False Claims Act. As part of the settlement, whistleblower Elevation 33 LLC, owned by a former Guidehouse employee, will receive approximately $1.95 million. Trial Attorney J. Jennifer Koh from the Civil Division's Commercial Litigation Branch, Fraud Section, and Assistant U.S. Attorney Adam J. Katz from the Northern District of New York led the case, with support from the Department of the Treasury OIG and the Office of the New York State Comptroller. These settlements highlight the imperative for rigorous cybersecurity measures in federal contracts, particularly in safeguarding sensitive personal information critical to public assistance programs. As the government continues to navigate evolving cybersecurity threats, it remains steadfast in enforcing accountability among contractors entrusted with protecting essential public resources.

Cybersecurity researchers have uncovered a disturbing trend in malware delivery tactics involving sophisticated social engineering techniques. These methods exploit user trust and familiarity with PowerShell scripts to compromise systems.  Among these threat actors, the two highlighted, TA571 and ClearFake campaign, were seen leveraging social engineering for spreading malware. According to researchers, the threat actors associated with TA571 and the ClearFake cluster have been actively using a novel approach to infiltrate systems.  This technique involves manipulating users into copying and pasting malicious PowerShell scripts under the guise of resolving legitimate issues.

Understanding the TA571 and ClearFake Campaign 

[caption id="attachment_77553" align="alignnone" width="1402"] Example of a ClearFake attack chain. (Source: Proofpoint)[/caption] The TA571 campaign, first observed in March 2024, distributed emails containing HTML attachments that mimic legitimate Microsoft Word error messages. These messages coerce users to execute PowerShell scripts supposedly aimed at fixing document viewing issues.  Similarly, the ClearFake campaign, identified in April 2024, employs fake browser update prompts on compromised websites. These prompts instruct users to run PowerShell scripts to install what appears to be necessary security certificates, says Proofpoint. Upon interaction with the malicious prompts, users unwittingly copy PowerShell commands to their clipboard. Subsequent instructions guide them to paste and execute these commands in PowerShell terminals or via Windows Run dialog boxes. Once executed, these scripts initiate a chain of events leading to the download and execution of malware payloads such as DarkGate, Matanbuchus, and NetSupport RAT. The complexity of these attacks is compounded by their ability to evade traditional detection methods. Malicious scripts are often concealed within double-Base64 encoded HTML elements or obscured in JavaScript, making them challenging to identify and block preemptively.

Attack Variants, Evolution, and Recommendations

Since their initial observations, Proofpoint has noted the evolution of these techniques. TA571, for instance, has diversified its lures, sometimes directing victims to use the Windows Run dialog for script execution instead of PowerShell terminals. Meanwhile, Clearlake has incorporated blockchain-based techniques like "EtherHiding" to host malicious scripts, adding a layer of obfuscation. These developments highlight the critical importance of user education and better cybersecurity measures within organizations. Employees must be trained to recognize suspicious messages and actions that prompt the execution of PowerShell scripts from unknown sources. Organizations should also deploy advanced threat detection and blocking mechanisms capable of identifying malicious activities embedded within seemingly legitimate web pages or email attachments. While the TA571 and ClearFake campaigns represent distinct threat actors with varying objectives, their utilization of advanced social engineering and PowerShell exploitation techniques demands heightened vigilance from organizations worldwide. By staying informed and implementing better cybersecurity practices, businesses can better defend against these online threats.

In a joint effort to enhance election security and public confidence, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) have released a comprehensive guide titled “Enhancing Election Security Through Public Communications.” This guide on election security is designed for state, local, tribal, and territorial election officials who play a critical role as the primary sources of official election information.

Why Communication is Important in Election Security

Open and transparent communication with the American public is essential to maintaining trust in the electoral process. State and local election officials are on the front lines, engaging with the public and the media on numerous election-related topics. These range from election dates and deadlines to voter registration, candidate filings, voting locations, election worker recruitment, security measures, and the publication of results. The new guide aims to provide these officials with a strong framework and practical tools to develop and implement an effective, year-round communications plan. “The ability for election officials to be transparent about the elections process and communicate quickly and effectively with the American people is crucial for building and maintaining their trust in the security and integrity of our elections process,” stated CISA Senior Advisor Cait Conley. The election security guide offers practical advice on how to tailor communication plans to the specific needs and resources of different jurisdictions. It includes worksheets to help officials develop core components of their communication strategies. This approach recognizes the diverse nature of election administration across the United States, where varying local contexts require customized solutions. EAC Chairman Ben Hovland, Vice Chair Donald Palmer, Commissioner Thomas Hicks, and Commissioner Christy McCormick collectively emphasized the critical role of election officials as trusted sources of information. “This resource supports election officials to successfully deliver accurate communication to voters with the critical information they need before and after Election Day,” they said. Effective and transparent communication not only aids voters in casting their ballots but also helps instill confidence in the security and accuracy of the election results.

How Tailored Communication Enhances Election Security

The release of this guide on election security comes at a crucial time when trust in the electoral process is increasingly under scrutiny. In recent years, the rise of misinformation and cyber threats has posed significant challenges to the integrity of elections worldwide. By equipping election officials with the tools to communicate effectively and transparently, CISA and the EAC are taking proactive steps to safeguard the democratic process. One of the strengths of this guide is its emphasis on tailoring communication strategies to the unique needs of different jurisdictions. This is a pragmatic approach that acknowledges the diverse landscape of election administration in the U.S. It recognizes that a one-size-fits-all solution is not feasible and that local context matters significantly in how information is disseminated and received. Furthermore, the guide’s focus on year-round communication is a noteworthy aspect. Election security is not just a concern during election cycles but is a continuous process that requires ongoing vigilance and engagement with the public. By encouraging a year-round communication plan, the guide promotes sustained efforts to build and maintain public trust. However, while the guide is a step in the right direction, its effectiveness will largely depend on the implementation by election officials at all levels. Adequate training and resources must be provided to ensure that officials can effectively utilize the tools and strategies outlined in the guide. Additionally, there needs to be a concerted effort to address potential barriers to effective communication, such as limited funding or technological challenges in certain jurisdictions.

To Wrap UP

The “Enhancing Election Security Through Public Communications” guide by CISA and the EAC is a timely and necessary resource for election officials across the United States. As election officials begin to implement the strategies outlined in the guide, it is imperative that they receive the support and resources needed to overcome any challenges. Ultimately, the success of this initiative will hinge on the ability of election officials to engage with the public in a clear, accurate, and transparent manner, thereby reinforcing the security and integrity of the election process.

Cybersecurity researchers are tracking a novel Linux malware campaign that makes use of Discord emojis for command and control (C2) communication with attackers. The campaign’s unusual combination of Linux malware and phishing lures suggests an attack aimed at Linux desktop users, the researchers from Volexity said. “Volexity assesses it is highly likely this campaign, and the malware used, is targeted specifically towards government entities in India, who use a custom Linux distribution named BOSS as their daily desktop,” they wrote.

Threat Actor ‘UTA0137’ Linked to Campaign

Volexity researchers connected the campaign to a Pakistan-based threat actor they call UTA0137. The researchers said they have “high confidence that UTA0137 has espionage-related objectives and a remit to target government entities in India. Based on Volexity’s analysis, UTA0137’s campaigns appear to have been successful.” The researchers say they have “moderate confidence” that UTA0137 is a Pakistan-based threat actor because of the group’s targets and a few other reasons:

• The Pakistani time zone was hardcoded in one malware sample.
• There are weak infrastructure links to SideCopy, a known Pakistan-based threat actor.
• The Punjabi language was used in the malware.

The malware used by the threat group uses a modified version of the discord-c2 GitHub project for its Discord command and control (C2) communication. The malware, dubbed DISGOMOJI by the researchers, is written in Golang and compiled for Linux systems. The threat actors also use the DirtyPipe (CVE-2022-0847) privilege escalation exploit against “BOSS 9” systems, which remain vulnerable to the exploit.

Attack Starts With DSOP PDF

The malware is delivered via a DSOP.pdf lure, which claims to be a beneficiary document of India’s Defence Service Officer Provident Fund (screenshot below). [caption id="attachment_77503" align="alignnone" width="750"] The DSOP lure that downloads the malware[/caption] The malware then downloads the next-stage payload, named vmcoreinfo, from a remote server, clawsindia[.]in. The payload is an instance of the DISGOMOJI malware and is dropped in a hidden folder named .x86_64-linux-gnu in the user’s home directory. DISGOMOJI, a UPX-packed ELF written in Golang, uses Discord for C2. “An authentication token and server ID are hardcoded inside the ELF, which are used to access the Discord server,”  they wrote. “The malware creates a dedicated channel for itself in the Discord server, meaning each channel in the server represents an individual victim. The attacker can then interact with every victim individually using these channels.” On startup, DISGOMOJI sends a check-in message in the channel that contains information like the internal IP, the user name, host name, OS and current working directory. The malware can survive reboots through the addition of a @reboot entry to the crontab, and it also downloads a script named uevent_seqnum.sh to copy files from any attached USB devices.

Discord Emojis Used for C2 Communication

C2 communication uses an emoji-based protocol, “where the attacker sends commands to the malware by sending emojis to the command channel, with additional parameters following the emoji where applicable.” A Clock emoji in the command message lets the attacker know a command is being processed, while a Check Mark emoji confirms that the command was executed. The researchers summarized the emoji commands in a table: [caption id="attachment_77505" align="alignnone" width="750"] The Discord emojis used to communicate with attackers (source: Volexity)[/caption] Post-exploitation activities include use of the Zenity utility to display malicious dialog boxes to socially engineer users into giving up their passwords. Open source tools such as Nmap, Chisel and Ligolo are also used, and the DirtyPipe exploit suggests increasing sophistication of the atacker's methods, the researchers said. Indicators of compromise (IoCs) can be downloaded from the Volexity GitHub page:

• YARA rules
• Single value indicators

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (DPH) has disclosed a significant data breach impacting more than 200,000 individuals. The data breach at Los Angeles County DPH, occurring between February 19 and 20, 2024, involved the theft of sensitive personal, medical, and financial information. The data breach was initiated through a phishing attack, where an external threat actor obtained the login credentials of 53 DPH employees. “Between February 19, 2024, and February 20, 2024, DPH experienced a phishing attack,” reads the official notice.

Data Breach at Los Angeles County DPH: What Happened

The phishing email, designed to appear legitimate, tricked employees into divulging their credentials by clicking on a malicious link. This unauthorized access led to a wide-ranging compromise of data, affecting various individuals associated with DPH, including clients, employees, and others. The compromised email accounts contained a wealth of sensitive data. The potentially exposed information includes:

• First and last names
• Dates of birth
• Diagnosis and prescription details
• Medical record numbers/patient IDs
• Medicare/Med-Cal numbers
• Health insurance information
• Social Security numbers
• Other financial information

It is important to note that not all of the above data elements were present for every affected individual. Each individual may have been impacted differently based on the specific information contained in the compromised accounts. “Affected individuals may have been impacted differently and not all of the elements listed were present for each individual,” Los Angeles County DPH informed.

 Data Breach at Los Angeles County DPH Notification 

DPH is taking extensive steps to notify all potentially affected individuals. Notifications are being sent via post to those whose mailing addresses are available. For individuals without a mailing address, DPH also posts a notice on its website to provide necessary information and resources. The department has advised impacted individuals to review the content and accuracy of their medical records with their healthcare providers. However, on delay in notification, Los Angeles County DPH said, “Due to an investigation by law enforcement, we were advised to delay notification of this incident, as public notice may have hindered their investigation.” To assist in protecting against potential misuse of their information, DPH is offering one year of free identity monitoring services through Kroll, a global leader in risk mitigation and response. “To help relieve concerns and restore confidence following this incident, we have secured the services of Kroll, a global leader in risk mitigation and response, to provide identity monitoring for one year at no cost to affected clients,” reads the notice.

Response and Preventive Measures

Upon discovering the Los Angeles County DPH data breach, DPH took immediate action to mitigate further risks. The department disabled the affected email accounts, reset and re-imaged the users’ devices, blocked the websites involved in the phishing campaign, and quarantined all suspicious incoming emails. Additionally, DPH has implemented numerous security enhancements to prevent similar incidents in the future. Awareness notifications have been distributed to all workforce members, reminding them to be vigilant when reviewing emails, especially those containing links or attachments. These measures aim to bolster the department’s defense against phishing attacks and other cyber threats. The incident was promptly reported to law enforcement authorities, who investigated the breach. The US Department of Health and Human Services’ Office for Civil Rights and other relevant agencies are also notified, as required by law and contractual obligations.

Steps for Individuals to Protect Themselves

While DPH cannot confirm whether any information has been accessed or misused, affected individuals are encouraged to take proactive steps to protect their personal information. These steps include:

• Reviewing Medical Records: Individuals should review their medical records and Explanation of Benefits statements for any discrepancies or unauthorized services. Any irregularities should be reported to their healthcare provider or health plan.
• Requesting Credit Reports: Individuals should remain vigilant against identity theft and fraud by regularly reviewing their financial statements and credit reports. Under US law, individuals are entitled to one free credit report annually from each of the three major credit reporting bureaus: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. Free credit reports can be requested at www.annualcreditreport.com or by calling 1-877-322-8228.
• Placing Fraud Alerts: Individuals can place a fraud alert on their credit files, which notifies creditors to take additional steps to verify identity before granting credit. Fraud alerts can be set up by contacting any of the major credit bureaus.
• Security Freezes: A security freeze can also be placed on credit reports, which prevents credit bureaus from releasing any information without written authorization. This measure can help prevent unauthorized credit activity but may delay the approval of new credit requests.

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health continues to cooperate with law enforcement and other agencies to protect the privacy and security of its clients, employees, and other stakeholders.

By: Abhilash R., Head of Cybersecurity at OQ Trading In a progressively digital world, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are not immune to cyber threats. Despite their size, SMEs are prime targets for cyberattacks due to their limited resources and perceived vulnerability. Therefore, implementing robust cybersecurity strategies is imperative to safeguard sensitive data, maintain customer trust, and ensure business continuity. This article delves into five essential cybersecurity strategies tailored to SMEs, emphasizing their importance, and providing cost effective solutions.

Employee Education and Training

One of the most critical cybersecurity strategies for SMEs is ensuring that employees are educated and trained in cybersecurity best practices. Human error remains a significant factor in cyber incidents, making cybersecurity awareness training indispensable. Employees should be educated on recognizing phishing attempts, creating strong passwords, and understanding the importance of software updates. Importance: Employees serve as the first line of defence against cyber threats, they are also the weakest links in cybersecurity. By educating them, SMEs can significantly reduce the risk of successful cyberattacks. Solutions: Implement regular cybersecurity training sessions for all employees, covering topics such as identifying suspicious emails, safe internet browsing practices, and responding to security incidents. Utilize online training resources and simulations to reinforce learning effectively. You can develop internal cybersecurity awareness materials using free or low cost presentation tools such as Google Slides or Microsoft PowerPoint. Create engaging presentations covering topics like identifying phishing emails, password best practices, and responding to security incidents. Additionally, leverage free online resources such as cybersecurity blogs, webinars, and tutorials to supplement employee training efforts. Encourage participation in online courses offered by reputable cybersecurity organizations, some of which may be available at no cost.

Implementing Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Multifactor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification before accessing sensitive data or systems. This strategy helps mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, even if passwords are compromised. Importance: Passwords alone are no longer sufficient to protect against cyber threats. MFA significantly enhances security by requiring additional authentication factors, such as biometric data or one-time codes. Solutions: Implement MFA for all accounts with access to sensitive information or critical systems. Many cloud-based services and software applications offer built-in MFA capabilities, making implementation relatively straightforward and cost effective. Utilize built-in MFA features provided by cloud-based services and software applications, many of which offer MFA functionality at no additional cost. Implement open source MFA solutions that can be customized to fit the organization's specific needs without incurring licensing fees. Alternatively, explore low-cost MFA options offered by third-party providers, ensuring compatibility with existing systems and scalability as the business grows.

Regular Data Backups

Data loss can have devastating consequences for SMEs, ranging from financial losses to reputational damage. Regularly backing up data is essential for mitigating the impact of ransomware attacks, hardware failures, or accidental deletions. Importance: Data backups serve as a safety net, allowing SMEs to recover quickly in the event of a cyber incident. Without backups, businesses risk permanent loss of valuable information. Solutions: Automate regular backups of critical data to secure cloud storage or offline storage devices. Utilize backup solutions that offer versioning capabilities, allowing businesses to restore data to previous states if necessary. Utilize cloud based backup solutions that offer affordable storage options and automated backup scheduling. Leverage free or low cost backup software with basic features for backing up critical data to secure cloud storage or external hard drives. Implement a combination of full and incremental backups to optimize storage space and minimize backup times. Explore open source backup solutions that provide flexibility and customization options without the need for expensive proprietary software.

Network Security Measures

Securing the network infrastructure is crucial for protecting against external threats and unauthorized access. SMEs should implement robust network security measures, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and virtual private networks (VPNs). Importance: Networks are prime targets for cyberattacks, making network security measures essential for preventing unauthorized access and data breaches. Solutions: Deploy firewalls to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic. Implement IDS to detect and respond to suspicious activities within the network. Utilize VPNs to encrypt data transmissions and establish secure connections for remote workers. Implement open source firewall solutions that provide robust network protection without the high cost associated with commercial firewalls. Utilize free or low cost intrusion detection system (IDS) software that offers essential features such as real time monitoring and threat detection. Explore cost effective virtual private network (VPN) solutions tailored to SMEs' needs, such as subscription based services with affordable pricing plans and easy deployment for remote workers.

Regular Security Assessments and Updates

Cyber threats are constantly evolving, requiring SMEs to stay vigilant and proactive in their cybersecurity efforts. Regular security assessments and updates help identify vulnerabilities and ensure that systems and software are up to date with the latest security patches. Importance: Cyber threats are continuously evolving, making regular security assessments and updates essential for maintaining strong cybersecurity posture. Solutions: Conduct regular security assessments to identify potential vulnerabilities in systems, networks, and applications. Develop and implement a patch management strategy to ensure that software and firmware updates are applied promptly. Conduct internal security assessments using free or low cost vulnerability scanning tools to identify potential weaknesses in systems and networks. Utilize open source penetration testing frameworks to simulate cyberattacks and assess the effectiveness of existing security measures. Implement a systematic approach to applying security patches and updates, leveraging free tools provided by software vendors or community driven initiatives. Additionally, establish internal processes for monitoring security advisories and alerts issued by relevant authorities to stay informed about emerging threats and vulnerabilities. In conclusion, cybersecurity is a critical concern for SMEs in today's digital landscape. By implementing the strategies explained above, SMEs can significantly enhance their cybersecurity posture without breaking the bank. Investing in cybersecurity is not only essential for protecting sensitive data and maintaining business operations but also for safeguarding the long-term viability and reputation of SMEs in an increasingly interconnected world. About Author: Abhilash Radhadevi, a seasoned cybersecurity leader, serves as the Head of Cybersecurity at OQ Trading, bringing over two decades of comprehensive experience in the Banking, Financial, Oil and Energy sectors. Widely recognized for his adept leadership, Abhilash has effectively steered international organizations through intricate security challenges. His illustrious career includes spearheading pioneering cybersecurity strategies, resulting in prestigious awards and acclaim. Beyond his professional achievements, Abhilash maintains a global influence and demonstrates unwavering commitment to mentoring, showcasing his dedication to shaping the future landscape of cybersecurity. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

By Hoda Alkhzaimi The technological prowess of small nations is increasingly recognized as a significant driver of global economic power. This is because technology is a great equalizer; it can enable small nations to leapfrog development stages and compete on a global scale. For instance, the UNCTAD Technology and Innovation Report 2021 highlights that frontier technologies like AI, robotics, and biotechnology have the potential to significantly boost sustainable development, while also posing the risk of widening the digital divide. Small nations, by embracing these technologies, can foster innovation, improve productivity, and create high-value industries that contribute to global trade and economic growth. Moreover, the digital transformation allows for the democratization of information and resources, enabling smaller economies to participate in markets traditionally dominated by larger countries. The OECD also emphasizes the role of SMEs in adapting to a more open and digitalized environment, which is essential for inclusive globalization. Therefore, the technological development of small nations is not just about national progress; it's about contributing to and shaping the global economic landscape. By investing in technology and innovation, small nations can assert their presence on the world stage, influencing global trends and economic policies. Cyber conflicts have emerged as a significant factor in international relations, influencing the dynamics of power in the digital age. The Atlantic Council's Cyber Statecraft Initiative highlights the shift from traditional deterrence strategies to more proactive measures like Defend Forward and Persistent Engagement, reflecting the evolving nature of cyber threats. Research published in Armed Forces & Society suggests that cyber conflicts, termed 'cool wars', are reshaping interactions between states, with denial-of-service attacks and behaviour-changing tactics significantly affecting state relations. Moreover, the ICRC has raised concerns about the protection of civilians from cyber threats during armed conflicts, emphasizing the need for legal and policy frameworks to address the digital risks in warfare. The CyberPeace Institute's analysis of cyberattacks in the context of the Ukraine conflict provides valuable data on the harm to civilians and the evolution of cyber threats. Additionally, the European Repository of Cyber Incidents offers an extensive database of cyber incidents, which can serve as a resource for understanding the scope and impact of cyber warfare. These insights underscore the importance of cyber capabilities in asserting influence and the need for robust cyber defence mechanisms to safeguard national security and civilian welfare in the face of digital threats. The interplay between cyber operations and political power is complex, and as technology continues to advance, the implications for international stability and power hierarchies will likely become even more pronounced

The Role of Misinformation and Disinformation in Cyberconflict

Misinformation and disinformation play a critical role in the landscape of cyberconflict, shaping public perception and influencing the dynamics of geopolitical tensions. A report by Full Fact highlights the detrimental impact of false information on democratic societies, emphasizing the need for informed citizenship to combat the spread of such information. Similarly, data from UNESCO underscores the pervasive risk of encountering disinformation across various media platforms, with statistics indicating a significant trust deficit in media and an increase in the manipulation of news consumption. The cybersecurity sector also recognizes disinformation as a substantial threat, with a study by the Institute for Public Relations revealing that 63% of Americans view disinformation as a major societal issue, and nearly half of cybersecurity professionals consider it a significant threat to security. These concerns are echoed globally, as a survey found that over 85% of people worry about the impact of online disinformation on their country's politics. The intertwining of misinformation, disinformation, and cyberconflict presents a complex challenge that requires a multifaceted approach, including media literacy, regulatory frameworks, and international cooperation to mitigate its effects and safeguard information integrity.

The Role of Big Tech in Cyberconflict Interplay

The role of big tech companies in cyber conflict is a complex and evolving issue. These companies often find themselves at the forefront of cyber conflict, whether as targets, mediators, or sometimes even participants. For instance, during civil conflicts, digital technologies have been used to recruit followers, finance activities, and control narratives, posing additional challenges for peacemakers. The explosive growth of digital technologies has also opened new potential domains for conflict, with state and non-state actors capable of carrying out attacks across international borders, affecting critical infrastructure and diminishing trust among states. In response to the invasion of Ukraine, big tech companies played crucial roles in addressing information warfare and cyber-attacks, showcasing their significant influence during times of conflict. Moreover, the technological competition between major powers like the United States and China further highlights the geopolitical dimension of big tech's involvement in cyber conflict. These instances underscore the need for a robust framework to manage the participation of big tech in cyber conflict, ensuring that their capabilities are harnessed for peace and security rather than exacerbating tensions.

Hedging the Risks of Using AI and Emerging Tech To Scaleup Misinformation and Global Cyberconflicts

In response to the growing threat of election misinformation, various initiatives have been undertaken globally. The World Economic Forum has identified misinformation as a top societal threat and emphasized the need for a concerted effort to combat it, especially in an election year with a significant global population going to the polls. The European Union has implemented a voluntary code of practice for online platforms to take proactive measures against disinformation, including the establishment of a Rapid Alert System and the promotion of fact-checking and media literacy programs. In the United States, the Brennan Center for Justice advocates for active monitoring of false election information and collaboration with internet companies to curb digital disinformation. Additionally, the North Carolina State Board of Elections (NCSBE) provides guidelines for the public to critically assess the credibility of election news sources and encourages the use of reputable outlets. These initiatives represent a multifaceted approach to safeguarding the integrity of elections by enhancing public awareness, improving digital literacy, and fostering collaboration between governments, tech companies, and civil society. In the ongoing battle against election misinformation, several key alliances and actions have been formed. Notably, the AI Elections Accord was proposed for public signature at the Munich Security Conference on February 16, 2024. This accord represents a commitment by technology companies to combat deceptive AI content in elections. In a similar vein, Meta established a dedicated team on February 26, 2024, to address disinformation and the misuse of AI leading up to the European Parliament elections. Furthermore, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States took a decisive step by making AI-generated voices in robocalls illegal on February 8, 2024, to prevent their use in misleading voters. These measures reflect a growing recognition of the need for collaborative efforts to safeguard the integrity of elections in the digital age. The alliances and regulations are pivotal in ensuring that the democratic process remains transparent and trustworthy amidst the challenges posed by advanced technologies. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

With companies coming forward every day announcing impacts from their third-party cloud data storage vendor, the Snowflake data breach seems to be snowballing into one of the biggest data breaches of the digital age. Here's everything to know about the Snowflake breach; we'll update this page as new information becomes available.

Why the Snowflake Breach Matters

Snowflake is a prominent U.S.-based cloud data storage and analytics company, with over 9,800 global customers. Its customer base includes major corporations like Adobe, AT&T, Capital One, DoorDash, HP, JetBlue, Mastercard, Micron, NBC Universal, Nielsen, Novartis, Okta, PepsiCo, Siemens, US Foods, Western Union, and Yamaha, among others. Snowflake holds approximately a 20% share of the data warehouse market and was recently ranked #1 on the Fortune Future 50 List, it an attractive target for cybercriminals. However, it is crucial to note that the breaches are not necessarily due to failures by Snowflake. The correlation does not imply causation, as emphasized by Snowflake’s Chief Information Security Officer Brad Jones. The company, along with its forensic partners, found no evidence of vulnerabilities or breaches within Snowflake’s platform.

Ongoing Investigation and Preliminary Results in Snowflake Breach

On May 31, Snowflake revealed that attackers accessed customer accounts using single-factor authentication. According to preliminary results, these attackers leveraged credentials obtained through infostealing malware.

Compromised Employee Account

Snowflake confirmed that a threat actor obtained credentials from a single former employee, accessing demo accounts that were isolated from production and corporate systems. Snowflake’s core systems are protected by Okta and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) but the demo accounts lacked such safeguards.

Test Environments Targeted

Demo accounts are often overlooked as security risks. Despite assurances that these accounts do not contain sensitive data, they remain attractive targets due to their perceived value. Cybercriminals exploit the perception gap, knowing that a claimed breach of a high-profile company like Snowflake can generate significant media attention.

Attack Path

The initial access point for the attackers was almost certainly compromised credentials obtained through infostealing malware. Mandiant, who helped Snowflake in its investigation, confirmed that the compromised credentials were from customer instances and were traced back to infostealer malware logs. Several variants of infostealer malware were used, including VIDAR, RISEPRO, REDLINE, RACOON STEALER, LUMMA, and METASTEALER.

Possible Reasons for the Breach

Mandiant confirmed that there was no breach of Snowflake’s enterprise environment. They identified that most credentials used by the attackers originated from historical infostealer infections. The lack of MFA and failure to rotate credentials for up to four years were significant factors. Network allow lists were also not used to restrict access to trusted locations.

Unconfirmed Threat Actor Claims

The threat actor also claimed to have logged into Snowflake’s ServiceNow using the same credentials. This claim has neither been confirmed nor explicitly refuted by Snowflake. Other unknowns include whether similar methods compromised other Snowflake employees, and the definition of "sensitive" data used for determining the impact on demo accounts. The investigation is ongoing, but Snowflake stands by its initial findings.

Affected Customers from Snowflake Breach

The data breaches began in April 2024, and the company claimed it had impacted a “limited” number of Snowflake customers. Snowflake initially did not disclose the exact number or the names of all affected customers. However, a comprehensive report from Mandiant two weeks after the initial disclosure revealed that 165 customers were impacted in the Snowflake data breach. While some victims have been identified through attackers’ offers to sell stolen data, others were revealed via mandatory public disclosures. Most companies have yet to confirm the impact. Following is a list of all companies know to have been impacted in the Snowflake data breach:

• Santander Group: The company confirmed a compromise without mentioning Snowflake.
• Impact: Santander Bank staff and 30 million customers’ data has allegedly been breached.

• TicketMaster (Live Nation Entertainment subsidiary): Confirmed via an SEC 8-K report, with Snowflake identified as the third party involved.
• Impact: 560 Million TicketMaster user details and card info potentially at risk.

• LendingTree: Notified by Snowflake about a potential data impact involving QuoteWizard.
• Impact: On June 1, a hacker going by the name “Sp1d3r” posted on the cybercriminal platform BreachForums that they had stolen the sensitive information of over 190 million people from QuoteWizard. The alleged database included customer details, partial credit card numbers, insurance quotes and other information.

• Advance Auto Parts: Unconfirmed by the company, but a dark web listing claimed significant data theft.
• Impact: Same actor as LendingTree claimed leak of 380 million customers and 358,000 former and current employees.

• Pure Storage: The Pure Storage data breach involved a third party temporarily gaining access to the workspace, which housed data such as company names, LDAP usernames, email addresses, and the Purity software release version number.
• Impact: The same threat actor known as “Sp1d3r” claimed responsibility, alleging the theft of 3 terabytes of data from the company’s Snowflake cloud storage that was reportedly being sold for $1.5 million.

Tech Crunch discovered over 500 login credentials and web addresses for Snowflake environments on a website used by attackers to search for stolen credentials. These included corporate email addresses found in a recent data dump from various Telegram channels.

Security Measures and Customer Support

Snowflake Chief Information Security Officer Brad Jones reiterated the company's findings, asserting that the breaches were not due to any vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, or breaches of Snowflake’s platform or personnel credentials. Snowflake is collaborating with customers to enhance security measures and plans to mandate advanced security controls such as multi-factor authentication (MFA) and network policies, especially for privileged accounts. The company acknowledges the friction in their MFA enrollment process and is working to streamline it. The shared responsibility model places MFA enforcement on customers, but Snowflake aims to make it a standard prerequisite due to the high sensitivity of the data stored in their cloud environments.

Key Recommendations for Snowflake Customers:

1. Enforce Multi-Factor Authentication: Make MFA mandatory for all accounts, particularly those with privileged access.
2. Regularly Rotate Credentials: Ensure that all credentials are regularly updated to prevent long-term exposure from previous leaks.
3. Implement Network Allow Lists: Restrict access to trusted IP addresses to minimize unauthorized access.
4. Enhance Logging and Monitoring: Improve logging and monitoring capabilities to detect and respond to suspicious activities promptly.

Snowflake has also published indicators of compromise and steps for detecting and preventing unauthorized user access here. Cloud security firm Permiso has developed an open-source tool dubbed "YetiHunter" to detect and hunt for suspicious activity in Snowflake environments based on the IoCs shared by Snowflake, Mandiant, DataDog, and its own intelligence. Editor's Note: This blog will be updated as additional breach information from Snowflake and its customers becomes available or is claimed by threat actors on underground forums for sale. Links and data to any additional IoCs related to the Snowflake breach will be published here too.

The on-again, off-again saga of BreachForums took another twist in recent days with the news that the data leak forum apparently has a new owner. ShinyHunters – who had reportedly retired after tiring of the pressure of running a notorious hacker forum – returned on June 14 to announce that the forum is now under the ownership of a threat actor operating under the new handle name “Anastasia.” It’s not yet clear if the move will quell concerns that the forum has been taken over by law enforcement after a May 15 FBI-led takeover, but for now, BreachForums is up and running under its .st domain.

ShinyHunters Alludes to BreachForums Issues

ShinyHunters alluded to those issues in a post announcing the forum’s new owner (screenshot below). “It's hard to maintain motivation when you're constantly getting accused of being a honeypot and at this point I'm burned out, hollow is burned out and we just want to move on to bigger things rather than the constant onslaught of users complaining about how we ran our forum,” ShinyHunters wrote. “Baphomet has done an incredible job of building new features for everyone, keeping everything together and maintaining the forum. Couldn't have done it without him. We hope the forum can live on without us for a long time. Thank you all for your support. Goodbye.” [caption id="attachment_77484" align="alignnone" width="750"] The announcement of a new BreachForums owner[/caption] While “User-Anastasia” is a new account, ShinyHunters referred to the new owner as “an OG some of you may remember.” Cyble threat researchers reported that Anastasia also goes by “Anastasia Belshaw.”

BreachForums Returns, Hackers Raise Suspicions

BreachForums was seized by the FBI and the U.S. Department of Justice in mid-May, with help from international law enforcement agencies, and Baphomet was allegedly arrested in that action. However, just two weeks later, the forum returned, leading to suspicion among some threat actors that the site was operating as a “honeypot” or a sting operation under the control of the FBI. To further complicate matters, the site went down again last week, possibly due to technical issues, and its associated Telegram channels disappeared too amid reports that ShinyHunters was retiring. A few days later came the announcement that Anastasia would take over the forum. It remains to be seen what direction the forum will take under new ownership, but given the site’s volatile history, whatever is in store is certain to be eventful.

In a significant move aimed at aiding victims of cyberattacks, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has announced the distribution of more than 7,000 FBI decryption keys associated with the notorious LockBit ransomware decryption. This initiative comes as part of ongoing efforts to mitigate the devastating impact of ransomware attacks on businesses worldwide.   […]

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This week on TCE Cyberwatch, we report on significant breaches affecting both prominent companies and universities, with thousands of individuals impacted. In addition, TCE Cyberwatch explores the evolving landscape of cybersecurity legality, highlighting Australia's ongoing court case against X. TCE Cyberwatch also delves into advancements in corporate cybersecurity, such as Apple’s upcoming announcement of their very own password management app. Keep reading to find out more!

Akira Ransomware Group Targets Panasonic Australia

The Akira ransomware group has reportedly compromised Panasonic Australia's data, claiming to have exfiltrated sensitive project information and business agreements. The authenticity and full impact of this breach are still unverified. In response, Singapore's Cyber Security Agency (CSA) and Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) have advised organizations to report such attacks rather than paying ransoms. This recommendation follows confirmation by law firm Shook Lin & Bok that they paid Akira $1.4 million in Bitcoin. The CSA has warned that paying ransoms does not guarantee data recovery and could potentially encourage further attacks. They recommend implementing robust security measures, including strong password policies, multi-factor authentication, reputable antivirus software, regular vulnerability scans, network segregation, routine backups, incident response exercises, and minimizing data collection. Additionally, the FBI and CISA had previously included Akira in their #StopRansomware campaign, emphasizing the importance of these preventive measures. Read More

Xbox One Kernel Exploit Discovered: Tinkering with Game Script App

An individual known as carrot_c4k3 has discovered a kernel-level exploit for Xbox One consoles using an app called ‘Game Script’ from the Microsoft Store. This exploit is not a jailbreak but allows users to gain control over virtual machine (vm) homebrews without enabling pirated software. The method involves two components: initial code execution in UWP applications and a kernel exploit granting full read/write permissions. A proof of concept has been shared on GitHub, currently limited to UWP apps. The exploit bypasses developer mode fees and modifies game save data but does not alter actual games. It may also allow running simple emulators. However, Microsoft could potentially detect this exploit, so using an offline console is recommended. It is also possible that the exploit has already been patched in the latest firmware update, version 10.0.25398.4478. Read More

Over 8,000 at VIT Bhopal University Potentially Exposed in Data Breach

VIT Bhopal University in India has reportedly experienced a major data breach, impacting more than 8,000 students and faculty members. The breach, first revealed on June 10, 2024, on BreachForums, involves the alleged leak of sensitive information, including unique identification numbers, usernames, full names, email addresses, passwords, and user activation keys. This compromised data could potentially allow unauthorized access to personal and university accounts, raising significant concerns about phishing attacks and other malicious activities. VIT Bhopal, established in 2017 and ranked 65th in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework, offers programs in engineering, technology, management, and architecture. As of now, the university has not commented on the breach or disclosed the full extent of the compromised data. Read More

Energy Giant Potentially Breached: Hacker Selling Alleged SGCC Data

A hacker named Desec0x claims to have breached the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) and is selling the stolen data on BreachForums for $1,000. The data reportedly includes user account information, employee details, and department roles in SQL and XLSX formats. SGCC, the world's largest utility company, serves over 1.1 billion people in China and owns assets in several countries. If confirmed, this breach could have serious implications for SGCC and its stakeholders. Cyberattacks on the energy sector are increasing, with notable incidents in 2023 and 2024 targeting companies like Consol Energy and Petro-Canada. SGCC has not yet confirmed the breach, and its website appears to be unaffected. Read More

Deepfakes Target Australian Politicians in Investment Scams

Australian politicians, including Finance Minister Katy Gallagher and Foreign Minister Penny Wong, have been targeted in AI-generated deepfake investment scam videos. The scam also used images of Nationals senator Bridget McKenzie and former Prime Minister Scott Morrison, among others. These videos, promoted via Facebook ads, falsely depict the politicians endorsing fraudulent investment schemes. Federal Minister Stephen Jones warned that AI could amplify fraud and proposed reforms to make social media companies more accountable. Gallagher stressed that neither she nor other politicians would promote products online, urging people to report such scams. The government is considering measures like mandatory AI image watermarking to combat misuse. Read More

Get Ready to Switch? Apple Unveils Passwords Manager at WWDC

At Apple's Worldwide Developer Conference next week, the company is expected to unveil its own standalone password manager, named Passwords, which will rival apps like 1Password and LastPass. According to Bloomberg News, Passwords will offer features surpassing those of iCloud and Mac Keychain, enabling users to save Wi-Fi passwords, store passkeys, and categorize login credentials. The app is also anticipated to be compatible with Windows machines, though its availability for Android users remains uncertain. Read More

Monti Ransomware Targets West After Conti's Demise

The Monti ransomware group, which bears similarities to the defunct Conti ransomware, has recently changed ownership and shifted its focus towards Western targets. The new owners are revamping its infrastructure for future operations. Recent attacks in the South of France disrupted the Pau-Pyrénées airport, the Pau business school, and a digital campus, compromising sensitive data and raising significant cybersecurity concerns. Monti exploits vulnerabilities like Log4Shell to infiltrate networks, encrypt desktops, and disrupt servers. Analysts believe the group leverages Conti’s leaked data for its operations. The cybersecurity community emphasizes the need for strengthened defenses and collaboration to combat such evolving threats. The Monti group’s activities highlight the critical need for robust cybersecurity measures to protect essential infrastructures.Read More

TCE Cyberwatch: Wrap Up

. Recent events have shown that even large, well-protected companies can fall victim to cyberattacks. Therefore, it's always wise to stay proactive and ensure your defenses are up-to-date. Stay safe, stay informed, and take steps to safeguard your digital security.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning , Next-Generation Technologies & Secure Development , Video Also: ISMG’s Summit in Chicago; Navigating Regulatory Change Anna Delaney (annamadeline) • June 14, 2024     Clockwise, from top left: Anna Delaney, Tony Morbin, Tom Field and Rashmi Ramesh In the latest weekly update, Information Security […]

La entrada ISMG Editors: Will AI Survive the Data Drought? – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Open XDR , Security Information & Event Management (SIEM) , Security Operations Palo Alto Networks Reaches Leaderboard While Trend Micro Falls to Strong Performer Michael Novinson (MichaelNovinson) • June 14, 2024     Microsoft remained atop Forrester’s XDR provider rankings, while Palo Alto Networks and CrowdStrike climbed into the leaders’ […]

La entrada Microsoft, Palo Alto, CrowdStrike Lead XDR Forrester Wave – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning , General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) , Next-Generation Technologies & Secure Development Company Says It Will Still Attempt to Use Public Posts Dating to 2007 to Train AI Akshaya Asokan (asokan_akshaya) • June 14, 2024     Meta’s European headquarters is in Dublin, Ireland. (Image: […]

La entrada Meta Delays Data Harvesting for AI Plans in Europe – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Geo Focus: Asia , Geo-Specific , Governance & Risk Management Enterprise Monitoring Systems Failed to Detect Ex-Worker’s Unauthorized Logins Jayant Chakravarti (@JayJay_Tech) • June 14, 2024     NCS headquarters at Bedok S Road in Singapore (Image: Shutterstock) A Singapore court sentenced a former employee of Singapore-based NCS Group to […]

La entrada NCS Insider Prison Sentence Highlights Enterprise Risk Flaws – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Globe Life disclosed a recent cybersecurity incident that may have resulted in unauthorized access to its consumer and policyholder information. Globe Life is a Texas-based insurance holding company. It offers life, health, and worksite insurance products and services to consumers nationwide through its subsidiaries. The company has over 3,600 employees and also owns several insurance providers like Liberty National, United American and Family Heritage Life. The company had also been accused of shady financial tactics and business operations by short sellers Fuzzy Panda Research and Viceroy Research, allegations the company has denied.

Globe Life Breach Discovery and Containment

According to Globe Life's filing with the SEC, the company had conducted a security review on one of its web portals to discover potential vulnerabilities that may have affected its access permissions and user identity management. The investigation was prompted by a legal inquiry from a state insurance regulator on June 13, 2024. The review revealed that an unauthorized party may have accessed the company's web portal, compromising sensitive customer and policyholder data. The company stated that it had immediately revoked external access to the affected portal upon breach discovery. Globe Life said that at this stage, it believes the security issue is isolated to the one web portal. All other company systems remain fully operational. Globe Life added that it expected minimal impact to its business operations after the take down of the affected web portal. The company has activated its cybersecurity incident response plan and engaged external forensics experts to investigate the breach's scope. In its SEC filing, Globe Life disclosed that the investigation remains ongoing. The full impact and nature of the incident are unclear at the moment.

Incident Comes After Scrutiny Over Business Tactics

The company said it has yet to determine if the breach qualifies as a reportable cybersecurity incident under the SEC's disclosure rules. The disclosure comes amidst increasing scrutiny and financial setbacks suffered by the company. The Texas-based insurer has faced allegations of fraudulent sales tactics and other business and workplace improprieties. The short sellers Fuzzy Panda Research and Viceroy Research had made these allegations public in April 2024. While the company has continued to deny these claims, its share price has dropped by 24% since the publication of the Fuzzy Panda report. The reports claimed that Globe Life and its biggest subsidiary, American Income Life (AIL), had engaged in insurance fraud, framing of policies for dead and fictitious individuals, withdrawal of consumer funds without approval, unfair dismissal, misleading sales tactics and illegal kickbacks. They also alleged that some of AIL's most profitable agents had faced accusations of kidnapping, assault and child grooming from defendants, witnesses and plaintiffs. It remains unclear if the state insurance regulator contact that led to the breach discovery is related to these allegations. Insurers like Globe Life are regulated at the state level rather than federal level. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

A 22-year-old British national, allegedly the leader of an organized cybercrime group that targeted nearly four dozen U.S. companies, was arrested in Palma de Mallorca at the behest of the FBI, said the Spanish National Police. The young man allegedly orchestrated attacks on 45 companies in the United States through phishing campaigns, and subsequently gained unauthorized access to sensitive company information and cryptocurrency wallets.

Cyber Scammer Used Familiar Playbook

The modus operandi of the cybercriminal was simple: use phishing techniques to obtain access credentials from individuals,; use these credentials to infiltrate corporate work systems; exfiltrate sensitive company data that was likely monetized and put up for sale on dark web forums; and also access victims' cryptocurrency wallets to siphon them off. This modus operandi allowed the scammer to amass a significant amount of bitcoins. The Spanish police said the young cyber scammer managed to gain control over 391 bitcoins - approximately valued at over $27 million - from his victims. The arrest occurred at Palma airport as the suspect was preparing to leave Spain on a charter flight to Naples. The operation was conducted by agents of the Spanish National Police in collaboration with the FBI. The investigation, led by the Central Cybercrime Unit and supported by the Balearic Superior Headquarters, began in late May when the FBI’s Los Angeles office requested information about the suspect that they believed was in Spain. The FBI reported that an International Arrest Warrant had been issued by a Federal Court of the Central District of California, prompting intensified efforts to locate the suspect.

Laptop, Phone Seized

The suspect was carrying a laptop and a mobile phone at the time of his arrest, which were seized. The judicial authority subsequently ordered the suspect to be placed in provisional prison. The FBI did not immediately provide a response on whether the young British man would be extradited to the U.S. to be tried, nor did they release details on an indictment, but many similar cases in the recent past show the possibility of that happening soon.

Linked to Scattered Spider?

The cybercrime-focused vx-underground X account (formerly known as Twitter) said the U.K. man arrested was a SIM-swapper who operated under the alias “Tyler.” Fraudster's transfer the target’s phone number in a sim swapping attack to a device they control and intercept any text messages or phone calls to the victim. This includes one-time passcodes for authentication or password reset links sent over an SMS. “He is a known SIM-swapper and is allegedly involved with the infamous Scattered Spider group,” vx-underground tweeted. The details, however, could not be confirmed but independent journalist Brian Krebs said the accused is a 22-year-old from Dundee, Scotland named Tyler Buchanan, also allegedly known as “tylerb” on Telegram chat channels centered around SIM-swapping.

“Most notably he is believed to be a key component of the MGM ransomware attack, and is believed to be associated with several other high profile ransomware attacks performed by Scattered Spider.” - vx-underground

The initial access vector in the attack on MGM included targeting of a help desk executive with social engineering tactics. Mandiant in its latest report found Scattered Spider aka UNC3944 using the same modus operandi, and although no victim names were stated, it now suggests the possible linkage between them. *Update (June 17 5:45 AM EST): Added details on the 22-year old young cyber scammer's identity and possible links to Scattered Spider group.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Attack Surface Management , Security Operations Researchers Infiltrate Major Organizations Using Fake Extension Prajeet Nair (@prajeetspeaks) • June 13, 2024     Cybersecurity researchers said an experiment in developing a fake, malicious extension for the world’s most popular integrated development environment succeeded beyond their wildest expectations. See Also: Attack Surface […]

La entrada Visual Studio Code Has a Malicious Extension Problem – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Blockchain & Cryptocurrency , Cryptocurrency Fraud , Fraud Management & Cybercrime Also: Personal Data Theft From OKX; Terraform-SEC Settlement Terms Rashmi Ramesh (rashmiramesh_) • June 13, 2024     Image: Shutterstock Every week, Information Security Media Group rounds up cybersecurity incidents in digital assets. This week, the Norwegian government froze […]

La entrada Cryptohack Roundup: Norway Freezes Hacked Ronin Funds – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Attack Surface Management , Security Operations Acquiring Hubble Means NetSPI Can Now Manage External and Internal Attack Surfaces Michael Novinson (MichaelNovinson) • June 13, 2024     Aaron Shilts, CEO, NetSPI (Image: NetSPI) NetSPI bought a startup led by a former AIG and Accenture security leader to create a consolidated […]

La entrada NetSPI Strengthens Attack Surface Management With Hubble Buy – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning , Next-Generation Technologies & Secure Development Department Is Asking for Information About How AI Is Used in Financial Products Rashmi Ramesh (rashmiramesh_) • June 13, 2024     The U.S. Department of the Treasury is curious about how banks are using artificial intelligence. (Image: Shutterstock) […]

La entrada Treasury Seeks Industry, Academic Insight on AI Use, Risks – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.

The UK, US and Canada have accused Russia of an elaborate plot to interfere in Moldova’s upcoming presidential election and referendum on EU membership. The allegations came in a joint statement released on the opening day of the G7 summit, pointing to a far-reaching campaign of political meddling by Moscow. The three nations claim Russia is actively spreading disinformation to 'undermine Moldovan democratic institutions' and 'degrade public confidence' in the government ahead of the votes on October 20th. Specific targets include President Maia Sandu and her pro-Western administration, which has strongly backed Ukraine in the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

Kremlin Actors Seeking to Discredit Moldova's Leaders

According to a statement from the U.S. Embassy in Russia, Russian threat actors are aggressively distributing propaganda to “foment negative public perceptions” of President Sandu. This involves fabricating electoral irregularities while also aiming to incite protests if the incumbent president is re-elected. The plot dates back years, with the Kremlin providing support to fugitive Moldovan businessman Ilan Shor. Shor had previously been sentenced to 15 years in prison in connection with the disappearance of $1 billion from Moldovan banks in 2014. All three countries had issued sanctions on Shor for his connection to the incident. The statement singled out Russian state-television channel RT for providing several years of support to Shor. The UK, US and Canada claim they have already shared detailed evidence with Moldovan authorities to enable further investigation and disruption. They also state they will continue backing Moldova with a range of support measures as it deals with Russian interference and fallout from the Ukraine war.

All Three Countries Announce Support at G7 Summit

The three nations expressed confidence in Moldova's ability to manage these threats linked to Russian interference. They have taken several measures to support Moldova's efforts, including:

• The sharing of detailed information with Moldovan partners to investigate, thwart, and put a stop to the Kremlin's plans.
• Increasing accountability and punishment for individuals and entities involved in covertly financing political activities in Moldova through sanctions and potential further actions.
• Strongly supporting Moldova's democratic, economic, security, and anti-corruption reforms, as well as its deepening European integration.

The three nations affirmed their support deepening ties between Moldova and the EU. President Sandu is widely perceived as a firmly pro-Ukranian and pro-Western leader since her election in 2020. In reaction, the Kremlin appears intent on preventing her re-election in order to install a more Russia-friendly president. By publicizing the interference plot, the Western allies hope to deter Moscow while urging respect for Moldovan sovereignty and free, fair elections. However, with under five months until the votes, concerns remain high over Russia's determination to influence election results. "We will continue to stand with all of our friends, partners, and Allies in defense of our shared democratic values and freedoms," the statement read. The U.S. embassy's statement also highlighted the surrounding threat to elections in 2024, a year in which "hundreds of millions of people across Europe and North America go to the polls to select their leaders in European, national, regional, and local elections."

Russia Is a Threat to Election Security: Researchers

An earlier report from Mandiant in April suggested that Russia presented the biggest threat to election security in the United States, United Kingdom and European Union. “Multiple Russian groups have targeted past elections in the U.S., France, and Ukraine, and these groups have continued to demonstrate the capability and intent to target elections both directly and indirectly,” the report stated. Experts also fear Russian attempts at spreading disinformation or influencing public opinion on non-election events such as the upcoming 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

June 13, 2024 may go down as one of the tougher days in Microsoft’s long history. The day started with a report alleging that a vulnerability long neglected by Microsoft led to the SolarWinds software supply chain breach in 2021; was followed by a nearly three-hour hostile hearing on Capitol Hill over the software giant’s security failures that resulted in a massive hack by China of U.S. government email systems; and it ended late at night with the company’s announcement that it will delay the rollout of its Windows Recall screen recording feature that faced heavy criticism from cybersecurity researchers over the lack of security and data privacy controls built into Recall. Microsoft President Brad Smith struck a conciliatory tone in his hearing with U.S. lawmakers and he outlined plans to improve security at the company, but the bungled launch of Recall – coming after the company had already pledged at least twice to improve security – shows that the software and cloud technology giant has a long way to go to make good on those pledges.

Recall Controversy Took Off After a Report on The Cyber Express

Calls to overhaul Recall’s security and privacy features started with the work of security researcher Kevin Beaumont, who called the lack of controls the “dumbest cybersecurity move in a decade.” Beaumont’s work demonstrating Recall’s security holes was first reported in a Cyber Express article that landed on the front page of tech news aggregator Slashdot, where it received 140 comments, and the story took off from there, creating something of a PR nightmare for Microsoft. Further proofs supporting Beaumont’s work emerged, and Microsoft belatedly tried to address the security and privacy concerns, but apparently not in time for the release of Copilot+ PCs planned for June 18. In a blog post update late on June 13, Microsoft said Recall will now become “a preview available first in the Windows Insider Program (WIP) in the coming weeks. Following receiving feedback on Recall from our Windows Insider Community, as we typically do, we plan to make Recall (preview) available for all Copilot+ PCs coming soon. “We are adjusting the release model for Recall to leverage the expertise of the Windows Insider community to ensure the experience meets our high standards for quality and security.”

Beaumont Welcomes Microsoft Recall Delay, Awaits Changes

In a post on a Mastodon cybersecurity instance, Beaumont welcomed the Microsoft Recall delay. “Good on Microsoft for finally reaching a sane conclusion,” he wrote. “When it does appear in preview channels, privacy and security researchers need to keep a close eye on what Microsoft are doing with the feature. “Microsoft tried developing this feature in secret in a way which tried to avoid scrutiny. Thank you to everyone who stood up.” Beaumont said it’s his understanding that Recall was developed without input from security and privacy staff. “I've also been told Microsoft security and privacy staff weren't provided Recall, as the feature wasn't made available broadly internally either,” he said.

Europol coordinated two separate operations this week to disrupt 13 websites used in spreading terrorist propaganda online. This action followed a year-long operation involving ten law enforcement authorities across Europe. The targeted websites were linked to Islamic State, al-Qaeda and its affiliates, and the Syria-based rebel group Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham.

“The disrupted terrorist operated websites worked as a node and an archive for terrorist propaganda produced by the different IS [Islamic State] media outlets using a multiplatform approach.” - Capt. Alberto Rodríguez Vázquez of Spain's Guardia Civil.

Servers Taken Down in Europe and U.S.

Europol reported that servers were taken down in Germany, the Netherlands, the United States and Iceland under Operation HOPPER II. The authorities in Spain also arrested nine “radicalized individuals” from different nationalities. Spain's Guardia Civil led a separate operation, dubbed ALMUASASA, against media linked to the Islamic State’s I’LAM Foundation. Europol said this organization ran global communication channels, including radio stations, a news agency, and social media content.

“The network was designed to be resilient and low profile and that explains its multi-server hosting strategy. It operated both on the surface web and the dark web.” – Vázquez.

Terrorist Propaganda in 30 Languages

The organization communicated Islamic State directives and slogans in over 30 languages, including Spanish, Arabic, English, French, German, Danish, Turkish, Russian, Indonesian, and Pashto. Investigations revealed several terabytes of information, which will help law enforcement in further investigations into the terror group. The overall terrorist threat to the European Union remains high, with jihadist terrorism being a principal concern. Europol's operations followed the seizure of four computer servers in Romania, Ukraine, and Iceland, as part of ongoing investigations into religious and politically motivated terrorist groups.

“The servers supported multiple media outlets linked to Islamic State. They were used to disseminate worldwide propaganda and messages capable of inciting terrorism.” - Europol

According to Europol, the targeted websites enabled terrorist organizations and violent extremists to bypass the enhanced moderation and content removal efforts of mainstream online service providers. This helped them maintain a persistent online presence. The sites were used for recruitment, fundraising, inciting violence, and spreading propaganda, including manuals for creating explosives and content designed to radicalize and mobilize individuals. [caption id="attachment_77383" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Jode de la Mata Amaya, national member for Spain, Eurojust (Source: YouTube)[/caption] The investigation has also revealed important details on the financing of the terrorist networks, which will be pivotal in future combat of threats from these networks, said Jode de la Mata Amaya, national member for Spain, Eurojust. All the 13 websites were referred for removal under European Union laws that mandate all hosting service providers remove flagged content within an hour of receiving a removal order or face penalties determined by individual member states.

The Cyber Express, in collaboration with Cyble Research & Intelligence Labs (CRIL), is dedicated to providing the latest and most comprehensive information on security vulnerabilities. Each week, we deliver actionable insights for IT administrators and security professionals, crafted by highly skilled dark web and threat intelligence researchers at Cyble. Cyble has identified several important bugs in its Weekly Vulnerability Report that require urgent attention. The full report covers these vulnerabilities, along with details and discussion around exploits found on the dark web, industrial control system (ICS) vulnerability intelligence, and cybersecurity defenses. Cyble security analysts have also conducted scans of customer environments to alert them of any exposures.  These vulnerabilities, highlighted from June 05, 2024, to June 11, 2024, include critical issues that could be easily exploited. Failure to patch these vulnerabilities could result in unauthorized access, data breaches, and significant operational disruptions.  Cyble researchers found over 1 million internet-facing assets exposed to these vulnerabilities, highlighting the urgency of addressing these security flaws.

Critical Vulnerabilities and Their Impact

Here are details and analysis of five of the most critical vulnerabilities identified by Cyble.

GitHub Access Token (CVE-2024-37051)

Overview: Exposed access tokens have been identified, which could allow unauthorized individuals to access GitHub accounts. This can lead to the manipulation or theft of code, posing a severe threat to software integrity and security.  Impact: Unauthorized access to repositories can result in the leakage of sensitive information, insertion of malicious code, and potential compromise of projects dependent on the affected repositories. 

FortiOS SSL-VPN (CVE-2022-42475)

Overview: A critical heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in FortiOS SSL-VPN has been actively exploited in cyber-espionage campaigns. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on the affected systems.  Impact: Successful exploitation can lead to full control over the compromised system, enabling data theft, network breaches, and service disruptions. 

PHP Remote Code Execution (CVE-2024-4577) 

Overview: Multiple versions of PHP have been found vulnerable to remote code execution. This vulnerability has been exploited to deploy ransomware, affecting web servers running the compromised PHP versions.  Impact: Exploitation can result in the complete compromise of web servers, data exfiltration, and file encryption for ransom. 

Netgear Authentication Bypass (CVE-2024-36787)

Overview: A vulnerability in Netgear routers allows attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms, granting unauthorized access to router settings.  Impact: Unauthorized access can modify network settings, intercept data, and further network compromises. 

Veeam Backup Enterprise Manager (CVE-2024-29849)

Overview: A critical vulnerability in Veeam Backup Enterprise Manager allows unauthenticated users to log in, posing a high risk of data theft and manipulation.  Impact: Unauthorized access to backup systems can result in data breaches, loss of critical backup data, and potential operational disruptions. 

Weekly Vulnerability Report: Highlights

CVE-2024-37051 

Impact Analysis: A critical vulnerability in the JetBrains GitHub plugin on the IntelliJ open-source platform affects all IntelliJ-based IDEs, leading to the exposure of GitHub access tokens. TAs can leverage the vulnerability by using exposed tokens to gain unauthorized access to user GitHub accounts and repositories and possibly deploy malicious code or delete the repositories.  Internet Exposure: No  Patch: Available 

CVE-2022-42475 

Impact Analysis: A critical heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in FortiOS SSL-VPN and FortiProxy SSL-VPN allows remote unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code or commands via specially crafted requests. Reports suggest that Chinese TAs weaponized this vulnerability in cyber-espionage campaigns targeting government institutions for a few months between 2022 and 2023 to deploy malware on vulnerable Fortigate network security appliances.  Internet Exposure: Yes  Patch: Available 

CVE-2024-4577 

Impact Analysis: A critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.29, 8.2.* before 8.2.20, and 8.3.* before 8.3.8 when using Apache and PHP-CGI on Windows. PHP is a widely used open-source scripting language designed for web development, and the vulnerability can reveal the source code of scripts and enable TAs to run arbitrary PHP code on the server. Recently, researchers observed that the TellYouThePass ransomware gang has been exploiting the vulnerability to deliver webshells and execute the encryptor payload on target systems.  Internet Exposure: Yes  Patch: Available 

CVE-2024-4610 

Impact Analysis: A use-after-free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver and Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver allows local non-privileged users to gain access to already freed memory through improper GPU memory processing operations.  Internet Exposure: No  Patch: Available 

CVE-2024-36787 

Impact Analysis: This vulnerability in Netgear WNR614 JNR1010V2 N300-V1.1.0.54_1.0.1 allows attackers to bypass authentication and access the administrative interface, posing a severe threat to network security and sensitive user data.  Internet Exposure: Yes  Patch: Not specified 

CVE-2024-29849 

Impact Analysis: A vulnerability in Veeam Backup Enterprise Manager (VBEM) allows unauthenticated attackers to log in as any user to the enterprise manager web interface. This poses a high risk due to the global use of Veeam products and the availability of publicly available proof-of-concept (PoC).  Internet Exposure: Yes  Patch: Available 

CVE-2019-9082 & CVE-2018-20062 

Impact Analysis: These vulnerabilities impact ThinkPHP, an open-source PHP framework with an MVC structure, leading to remote code execution (RCE). Chinese threat actors have leveraged these vulnerabilities to install a persistent web shell named Dama.  Internet Exposure: No  Patch: Not specified 

CVE-2024-24919 

Impact Analysis: This vulnerability impacts Check Point Remote Access VPN and allows attackers to read information from Internet-connected gateways with remote access VPN or mobile access enabled. It has been exploited in zero-day attacks since April 30, enabling lateral movement through victim networks by stealing Active Directory data.  Internet Exposure: Yes  Patch: Available 

CVE-2024-30080 

Impact Analysis: A critical remote code execution vulnerability in Microsoft’s Message Queuing (MSMQ) can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers via specially crafted malicious MSMQ packets. Microsoft addressed the flaw in its monthly Patch Tuesday update. Internet Exposure: Yes  Patch: Available 

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Vulnerabilities 

The report also highlights vulnerabilities in Industrial Control Systems (ICS), which are critical to sectors such as healthcare, emergency services, and energy. The majority of these vulnerabilities are categorized as high and critical severity, emphasizing the importance of securing ICS environments. 

Recommended Mitigation Strategies 

To mitigate the risks associated with these vulnerabilities, the following strategies are recommended: 

• Regular Software and Hardware Updates: Ensure all systems and devices are up to date with the latest security patches and firmware updates. 
• Patch Management: Implement a comprehensive patch management process to promptly address and apply patches for known vulnerabilities. 
• Network Segmentation: Segment networks to limit the spread of attacks and reduce the attack surface. 
• Incident Response and Recovery Plans: Develop and regularly update incident response and recovery plans to ensure swift action in the event of a breach. 
• Monitoring and Logging Solutions: Deploy advanced monitoring and logging solutions to detect and respond to suspicious activities in real time. 
• Regular Vulnerability Assessments and Penetration Testing: Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration tests to identify and remediate security weaknesses. 
• Strong Password Policies and Multi-Factor Authentication: Enforce strong password policies and implement multi-factor authentication to enhance access control.

The report also notes the active discussion and sharing of several vulnerabilities on underground forums. These include vulnerabilities affecting popular platforms such as WordPress and macOS, which cybercriminals are exploiting. 

Conclusion 

The findings of the Weekly Vulnerability Intelligence Report highlight the critical need for continuous vigilance and proactive cybersecurity measures. Organizations must prioritize patch management, conduct regular security audits, and maintain incident response plans to protect against emerging threats.  Stay ahead of cyber threats with the Weekly Vulnerability Intelligence Report by Cyble, brought to you by The Cyber Express. Subscribe now for the latest insights powered by Cyble's advanced AI-driven threat intelligence.

As anticipation builds for the upcoming Paris 2024 Summer Olympic Games, security researchers and officials have observed an uptick in scams abusing legitimate Olympics branding. French Gendarmerie officials discovered over 300 bogus ticketing sites aiming to steal money and personal information by deceiving individuals who are in a hurry to book tickets for the events. Recent research investigates a prominent example (paris24tickets[.]com) from these websites. The site appears among the top paid results in Google searches and promotes itself as a secondary marketplace for sports and live events tickets.

Website Incorporates Official Paris 2024 Summer Olympic Games Branding

The 'paris24tickets[.]com' website appeared professional and legitimate at first glance. The site advertised itself as a “secondary marketplace for sports and live events tickets,” and was displayed as the second result among sponsored Google search results for 'paris 2024 tickets.' It allowed visitors to navigate through upcoming Olympic events, select event specific tickets, and enter payment information. Its polished design resembled that of trusted ticketing platforms, along with the official Olympics ticket purchase site. Proofpoint researchers warned that the website was entirely fraudulent despite its authentic look and feel. The site was likely collecting users’ financial and personal information rather than actually processing ticket orders. The researchers acted swiftly to suspend the misleading domain upon its discovery. [caption id="attachment_77366" align="alignnone" width="2800"] Impersonating domain 'paris24tickets[.]com' (Source: archive.org)[/caption] [caption id="attachment_77365" align="alignnone" width="2800"] Official Olympics Ticketing Site (Source: https://tickets.paris2024.org)[/caption] The researchers noticed that in some cases, the scammers even sent emails promising "discounts" on coveted tickets to victims. This tactic was likely done to lure unsuspecting individuals, who may have been desperate to secure tickets at lower costs. Victims who have provided their personal or financial information on the fraudulent website risk having their identities and money stolen. The scammers behind these websites may also collect important personal data, such as names, contact information, and credit card details, for sale or further malicious campaigns.

French Gendarmerie Nationale Reported the Discovery of 338 Scam Sites

The 'paris24tickets[.]com' website represents just a tiny fraction of a much broader network of fraudulent Olympics domains. The French Gendarmerie Nationale had identified approximately 338 such websites since March 2023, and made subsequent efforts to shut them down; 51 of these sites were stated to have been closed while 140 of them were put on notice. The fraudsters behind these scams likely rely on sponsored search engine ads and targeted emails to drive traffic to impersonating websites. Offers of special deals and discounts are further lures to draw-in potential victims. [caption id="attachment_77367" align="alignnone" width="1000"] Source: Shutterstock[/caption] 200 French gendarmes had been mobilized as a distinct unit to monitor the internet and various different social networks for Olympics ticketing-related fraud and mass resales, under the direction of the Europol. These units work along with the DGCCRF (Directorate General for Consumer Affairs, Competition and Fraud Prevention) in France. Captain Etienne Lestrelin, director of operations at the unit, told France Info radio that social media such as Facebook, Leboncoin, Telegram and Instagram were often “the primary source of resale attempts.” He added, “This is an exchange from individual to individual. Except that the buyer does not know if the person really owns the tickets, since they are virtual tickets, not tickets paper. So people are selling you wind, we don't know what they're selling." Lestrelin advised that tickets sold at too low of a price can alert potential buyers: "You will never have a ticket below its original cost. The goal of people who were able to buy tickets in volume and with the intention of reselling them, it is to make a profit So it is an alert if you find a much cheaper ticket. The sentence to remember is that there is no. very good deals on the internet, it's not possible." He instructed that it was also not possible to own a ticket before the event begins and QR Codes are generated. Anyone who claims to be currently in possession of a ticket, or owns tickets that seem visually legitimate, is still a fraud. He warned buyers to be vigilant about buying such tickets outside of official sources because it can also be an offense. "You are associating yourself with the offense that the seller commits when he resells without going through the official website. This is a criminal offense," he stated. To validate purchases, buyers can cross-check provided references with the official Paris 2024 Summer Olympic Games application. Buyers who suspect that they may have been duped can report to a police station, a gendarmerie or the DGCCRF. Legitimate ticket purchases can be made through the official ticketing website or official sub-distributor network.

Ukraine’s Security Service (SBU) detained two individuals accused of aiding Russian intelligence in hacking the phones of Ukrainian soldiers and spreading pro-Kremlin propaganda. The suspects operated bot farms using servers and SIM cards to create fake social media accounts. One bot farm in the Zhytomyr Oblast was hosted in an apartment of a Ukrainian woman. She allegedly registered over 600 virtual mobile numbers and several anonymous Telegram accounts.

Russian Intelligence Installed Spyware in Campaign

The woman sold or rented these accounts in exchange for cryptocurrency on online Russian underground marketplaces. Russian intelligence used these accounts and numbers to hack phones of Ukrainian military personnel by sending phishing emails containing spyware that collected sensitive confidential data. Russian hackers were recently observed using legitimate remote monitoring and management (RMM) software to spy on Ukraine and its allies. [caption id="attachment_77338" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Source: SBU[/caption] According to the SBU, the accounts hosted on this bot farm were also used to spread pro-Kremlin propaganda purporting as ordinary Ukrainian citizens. Another 30-year-old man from Dnipro allegedly registered nearly 15,000 fake accounts on various social networks and messaging platforms using Ukrainian SIM cards. He sold these accounts to Russian intelligence services on darknet forums. [caption id="attachment_77337" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Source: SBU[/caption] Both suspects face up to three years in prison or a fine if found guilty. The investigation continues.

Russian Bot Farms Used Since Invasion Started

Russia has used bot farms to disseminate Kremlin propaganda, incite panic and manipulate narratives since the beginning of its Ukrainian invasion. The Ukrainian authorities have busted dozens of bot farms and arrested hundreds of people across the country who operate them. In December 2022, they dismantled more than a dozen bot farms. In September of that year, two bot farms were taken down, while in August a group that operated more than 1 million bots was also dismantled. Bot farm operators typically receive payments in Russian rubles, a prohibited currency in Ukraine. These activities continued in the second year of the war, where the Ukrainian Cyber Police raided 21 locations across the country and seized computer equipment, mobile phones and more than 250 GSM gateways. This included 150,000 SIM cards of different mobile operators used in the illicit activities to create fake social media profiles.

The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has issued a comprehensive set of advisories to secure Industrial Control Systems (ICS) against exploitable vulnerabilities. Released today, the CISA advisories are aimed at equipping users and administrators with timely insights into prevalent security issues, vulnerabilities, and potential exploits within ICS infrastructure. The CISA advisories, 20 in all, offer in-depth technical details and mitigation strategies for identified vulnerabilities across various ICS components. CISA highlights the importance of promptly reviewing these advisories to enhance the resilience of industrial systems against online threats.

CISA Issues 20 Industrial Control Systems Advisories

One of the critical vulnerabilities highlighted is CVE-2024-33500, impacting Siemens Mendix Applications. This vulnerability, stemming from improper privilege management, presents a risk of remote exploitation. Siemens recommends immediate updates to affected versions and implementing additional mitigations to thwart potential attacks. Another significant concern involves vulnerabilities affecting Siemens SIMATIC S7-200 SMART devices. These vulnerabilities, attributed to insufficiently random values, may pave the way for denial-of-service attacks. Siemens advocates for network access restrictions and adherence to industrial security protocols to mitigate risks effectively. Additionally, Siemens TIA Administrator faces vulnerabilities due to insecure permissions in temporary file creation processes. While no known public exploits exist presently, Siemens advises users to update to the latest version and enforce stringent network security measures.

Multiple ICS Vulnerabilities Reported

The CISA advisories also shed light on vulnerabilities in Siemens SCALANCE XM-400 and XR-500 devices, Fuji Electric's Tellus Lite V-Simulator, and Rockwell Automation's FactoryTalk View SE, among others. These vulnerabilities, ranging from inadequate encryption strength to permission assignment flaws, highlights the diverse spectrum of risks facing industrial environments. Despite the absence of known public exploits targeting these vulnerabilities, CISA emphasizes the importance of proactive measures such as network segmentation, secure remote access methods, and heightened awareness of social engineering tactics. The CISA advisories also address vulnerabilities in Motorola Solutions' Vigilant License Plate Readers and Mitsubishi Electric's MELSEC-Q/L Series and Multiple Products. These vulnerabilities, discovered by security researchers, highlight the collaborative efforts needed to safeguard critical infrastructure against emerging cyber threats. As organizations navigate the complex landscape of industrial cybersecurity, the issuance of these CISA advisories serves as a crucial resource for bolstering defenses and fostering a resilient ICS ecosystem. By staying informed and implementing recommended mitigations, stakeholders can mitigate risks and uphold the integrity and reliability of critical industrial operations.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) has been confronted by a massive data breach that has compromised personal information of precisely 20,870 students, staff and past graduates. The CUHK data breach was initially identified on June 3, 2024, prompting swift action by the institution. An investigation is currently underway to trace the culprits and to take corrective measures.

Understanding the CUHK Data Breach

The CUHK is one of the premier institutes in China which was established in 1963 and is the first research university in Hong Kong. The cyberattack on CUHK reportedly took place on June 1 at its School of Continuing and Professional Studies (CUSCS). In a statement put out by the school on June 13, CUSCS said that it had undertaken an investigation into the breach on June 3. An information technology security consultant was appointed by the college to assess the breach. The investigation revealed that the school’s “Moodle learning management system” was hacked. Moodle is an open-source learning management system designed. It allows educators, administrators and learners to create personalized learning environments for online projects in schools, colleges and workplaces. Moodle can be used to create custom websites with online courses and allows for community-sourced plugins. [caption id="attachment_77266" align="alignnone" width="1196"] Source: CUSCS Website[/caption] According to the CUSCS, the leaked data included the names, email addresses, and student numbers of 20,870 Moodle accounts of tutors, students, graduates, and visitors. This personal data was reportedly stolen after a server at one of the institution’s schools was hacked. Despite the university management stating that the sensitive data was not leaked on any public platforms, the breached information was found to be readily available on the dark web domain BreachForums. A Threat Actor (TA), who goes by the alias “Valerie”, put up a post on dark web stating that the hacker was willing to sell the data. The TA noted that, “75 per cent of the stolen data was sold to a private party, which financed the breach.  The rest of the data was not shared. So upon multiple offers, we decided to make a public sell.” To claim that the data was credible, the TA provided samples, which included the username, first name, last name, institution, department, mobile number and city of the victims of the data breach.

Investigation Status of CUHK Data Breach

The CUSCS stated that as soon as its investigation revealed a massive data breach, it had deactivated the relevant account and reset the password. It added that, apart from the relevant server, the online learning platform has been moved, and security measures have been strengthened to block any account after three unsuccessful login attempts. “CUHK has also been notified of the incident. The college has also established a crisis management team composed of the dean, deputy dean, information technology services director, administrative director and communications and public relations director to assess the risks,” CUSCS said. The college also had filed a complaint over the data breach to the local police. The university, too, has notified the city’s privacy watchdog-Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), in accordance with established procedures. The PCPD acknowledged receipt of the complaint on June 13.

CUHK Data Breach: Institutions in Hong Kong Under Scanner

In what is becoming a trend, CUHK has become the third educational institute in Hong Kong this year to fall victim to cyberattacks. In May, the Hong Kong Institute of Contemporary Culture, Lee Shau Kee School of Creativity, fell victim to a ransomware attack where the data of over 600 people was leaked. Similarly, in April, a private medical facility, Union Hospital, suffered a ransomware attack affecting its servers, which allegedly resulted in operational paralysis. The Hong Kong College of Technology too suffered a ransomware attack in February, which led to the data of around 8,100 students being breached.

A 28-year-old Russian man has been taken into custody by the Ukraine cyber police in Kyiv for his involvement in the Conti and LockBit ransomware operations, which involved making their malware impervious to antivirus software and carrying out at least one attack personally. The Dutch police, who responded to a ransomware attack and subsequent data […]

The post Crypter Specialist Involved in the Conti and LockBit Attack Arrested appeared first on Heimdal Security Blog.

The U.S. food chain giant Panera Bread has begun notifying its employees of a significant data breach that occurred as a result of a ransomware attack in March 2024. The company, along with its franchises, operates 2,160 cafes under the names Panera Bread or Saint Louis Bread Co, spread across 48 states in the U.S. and Ontario, Canada. The Panera Bread data breach was disclosed in notification letters filed with the Office of California's Attorney General, where Panera detailed its response to what it termed a "security incident." Upon detecting the Panera Bread data breach, the company acted swiftly to contain it, enlisting external cybersecurity experts to investigate and inform law enforcement of the situation. The files involved were reviewed, and on May 16, 2024, we determined that a file contained your name and Social Security number. Other information you provided in connection with your employment could have been in the files involved. As of the date of mailing of this letter, there is no indication that the information accessed has been made publicly available," reads Panera's official notification.

Panera Bread Data Breach: Impact on Employees and Operations

The ransomware attack has had substantial repercussions on Panera's operations and its employees. Many of Panera's virtual machine systems were reportedly encrypted during the attack, leading to a significant outage that crippled internal IT systems, phones, point of sale systems, the company’s website, and mobile apps. During this outage, employees were unable to access their shift details and had to contact their managers to obtain work schedules. The stores faced further disruption as they could only process cash transactions, with electronic payment systems down. Additionally, the rewards program system was inoperable, preventing members from redeeming their points. The most concerning aspect of the breach for employees is the compromise of sensitive personal information. Panera has confirmed that files containing employee names and Social Security numbers were accessed. There is also the potential that other employment-related information was compromised. However, the company has assured employees that, as of the notification date, there is no evidence that the accessed information has been publicly disseminated. To mitigate the potential impact on affected individuals, Panera is offering a one-year membership to CyEx's Identity Defense Total, which includes credit monitoring, identity detection, and identity theft resolution services. This proactive measure aims to help employees safeguard their identities and respond swiftly to any signs of fraudulent activity.

The Bigger Picture: Unanswered Questions

Despite the detailed notifications to employees, Panera has yet to publicly disclose the total number of individuals impacted by the breach. The identity of the threat actors behind the ransomware attack also remains unknown. No ransomware group has claimed responsibility, which raises speculation that the attackers might be awaiting a ransom payment or have already received it. Moreover, Panera has not responded to requests for comment from The Cyber Express regarding the outage and the ransomware attack. This lack of communication leaves several critical questions unanswered, particularly about the measures being taken to prevent future incidents and the ongoing efforts to recover from the current breach.

Implications for Panera Bread Data Breach

The implications of this ransomware attack extend beyond the immediate disruption and data breach. Panera Bread's reputation is at stake, as customers and employees alike may question the company's ability to protect sensitive information. The operational disruptions also highlight vulnerabilities in the company’s IT infrastructure that need to be addressed to prevent similar incidents in the future. In response to the data breach, Panera has committed to enhancing its existing security measures. The company is likely to conduct a thorough review of its cybersecurity policies and practices to identify and address any gaps. Additionally, ongoing communication with employees and stakeholders will be crucial in rebuilding trust and ensuring that all affected parties are adequately supported. As the investigation continues, further details may emerge about the nature of the breach and the steps Panera is taking to strengthen its defenses.

Borrer Executive Search, an AESC-accredited boutique search and selection firm headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, has allegedly fallen victim to the Eraleig ransomware. The attackers have issued a deadline of June 24, 2024, threatening to release 2.5MB of internal documents and agreements if their demands are not met. As of now, the specifics regarding the data compromised, the motives behind the Borrer Executive Search ransomware attack, and the extent of the breach remain undisclosed by the attackers. Upon inspecting the official website of Borrer Executive Search, no signs of foul play were detected, and the website remains fully functional. To further investigate the validity of these claims, The Cyber Express Team reached out to Borrer Executive Search officials for a statement. However, at the time of writing this report, no response was received, leaving the allegations unverified. [caption id="attachment_77181" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Source: X[/caption]

Potential Implications of Borrer Executive Search Ransomware Attack

Borrer Executive Search is a specialized firm that operates on a retained and exclusive mandate basis. The company partners with corporate clients to identify, attract, and integrate top leadership talent. Their operations are not confined to Switzerland alone; they have a significant international presence, focusing on director, VP, and C-level positions in Global Operations (Supply Chain & Procurement), Commercial Leadership (General Management, Sales & Marketing), Finance, and HR. Given the high-profile nature of their clientele, which spans across Europe and potentially beyond, the implications of a verified ransomware attack could be far-reaching and severe. Should the ransomware attack be confirmed, Borrer Executive Search could face several significant consequences:

1. Data Breach and Confidentiality: The release of internal documents and agreements could lead to a breach of confidentiality agreements with clients. This could result in legal ramifications and a loss of trust among their client base.
2. Operational Disruption: Ransomware attacks can severely disrupt business operations, leading to downtime and a loss of productivity. For a firm that specializes in executive search, any delay in operations could mean missing out on critical placement opportunities and damaging its reputation for reliability and efficiency.
3. Financial Impact: Beyond the immediate ransom demand, the financial impact of a ransomware attack can be substantial. Costs associated with recovery, potential legal fees, and lost business opportunities can accumulate rapidly.
4. Reputational Damage: The mere association with a ransomware attack can tarnish the reputation of a firm, especially one that deals with high-profile clients and sensitive information. Clients may question the firm’s ability to safeguard their data, leading to potential loss of business.
5. Regulatory Scrutiny: Depending on the nature of the data compromised, Borrer Executive Search could find itself under the scrutiny of data protection authorities, especially given the stringent data privacy laws in Europe, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

Understanding Eraleig Ransomware

Eraleig ransomware is known for its sophisticated encryption techniques and its ability to inflict significant damage on targeted organizations. Typically, ransomware attacks aim to lock users out of their systems or encrypt valuable data, demanding a ransom for its release. The Eraleig strain is no different, often leaving victims with a stark choice: pay the ransom or risk having sensitive data leaked publicly. The threat to release 2.5MB of internal documents and agreements indicates a targeted approach, aimed at exerting maximum pressure on Borrer Executive Search by leveraging the potential exposure of confidential client information. The alleged ransomware attack on Borrer Executive Search, if verified, highlights a growing trend of cyberattacks targeting firms that handle significant amounts of sensitive data. The executive search industry, by its nature, deals with highly confidential information related to top-level corporate executives. The alleged ransomware attack on Borrer Executive Search is a developing story with potentially serious implications for the firm and its extensive client base. As we await further confirmation and details, the incident brings to light the critical importance of cybersecurity in protecting sensitive information and maintaining trust in the executive search industry. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

The U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) recently announced the successful takedown of what is likely the largest botnet ever recorded. This network, known as 911 S5, involved 19 million device botnet disruption across 190 countries and was used by various threat actors for numerous cybercrimes. Let’s have a look at the FBI botnet takedown and […]

The post FBI Botnet Takedown: 911 S5 With 19 Million Infected Devices appeared first on TuxCare.

The post FBI Botnet Takedown: 911 S5 With 19 Million Infected Devices appeared first on Security Boulevard.

A significant data breach has exposed the private information of more than 1,200 Baw Baw Shire residents who contacted customer service after-hours over a nearly two-year period, the Baw Baw Shire council revealed. The breach occurred at OracleCMS, a third-party call center contracted by the council to field inquiries outside normal business hours. It reportedly does not impact the council's own systems and databases.

Over 1,200 Baw Baw Shire Residents Affected

The exposed information includes customer contact details and call notes—dates from June 2014 to January 2016 when customers rang the council hotline during evenings, weekends and holidays. Calls made during the specified period had been automatically forwarded to OracleCMS call agents. It remains unclear precisely how the contractor failed to protect confidential constituent information or when the company first discovered the breach. Upon learning of the breach earlier this month, Baw Baw officials urgently contacted every affected resident—over 1,250 in total—through SMS messages and personal calls to vulnerable groups like the elderly. While the breach did not infiltrate Baw Baw's systems directly with the council's own systems, it represents a alarming security gap by a third-party vendor given access to constituents' sensitive information.

OracleCMS Provider Implicated in Other Breaches

Authorities are currently investigating the incident, which may have also impacted other clients of the Australia-based company. OracleCMS provides outsourced contact center services for an array of local governments and organizations. OracleCMS had previously been implicated in a long list of data breaches affecting several different cities in Australia. According to some official press release statements, OracleCMS appeared to initially downplay the incident. An earlier release from Merri-bek City Council stated:

OracleCMS informed Council in April that there had been a cyber security incident where identifiable information of customers had been compromised. Until last week we were informed that Council’s customer data was not involved. Council has now been informed that the OracleCMS data breach does include records of calls handled by OracleCMS on Council’s behalf. We take the privacy of our customers very seriously and we are taking urgent action to address this issue.

The OracleCMS data breach also affected some businesses such as several entities belonging to Nissan in the Australia and New Zealand region, such as Nissan Financial Services Australia Pty Ltd, Nissan Motor Co. Pty Ltd, Nissan Financial Services, New Zealand Pty Ltd and Nissan New Zealand Ltd.

OracleCMS subsequently suffered a data breach, which it was alerted to on 15 April 2024. This separate incident resulted in certain data which was held by OracleCMS, including the summary information Nissan provided to OracleCMS, being compromised and published on the dark web.

As cyberattacks surge, some have questioned whether outsourcing critical customer service channels renders individuals and businesses more vulnerable to data theft. The incident serves as reminder for governments and organizations to lock down vulnerabilities present in third-party vendors or tools while conducting regular security audits. Residents with concerns regarding the breach may contact Baw Baw Shire Council’s customer service line at +61 3 5624 2411. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

The financially motivated UNC3944 threat group has shifted focus to data theft extortion from software-as-a-service applications but without the use of ransomware variants, which it is historically known for. UNC3944, also known as 0ktapus, Octo Tempest, Scatter Swine and Scattered Spider, is a financially motivated threat group that has demonstrated significant adaptability in its tactics since its inception in May 2022. According to Google-owned cybersecurity company Mandiant, the threat group has now evolved its strategies to include data theft from SaaS applications. It leverages cloud synchronization tools for data exfiltration, persistence mechanisms against virtualization platforms and lateral movement via SaaS permissions abuse, Mandiant said.

Data Theft Extortion Without Ransomware

UNC3944 initially focused on credential harvesting and SIM swapping attacks but over the years has transitioned to ransomware. Mandiant has now found evidence that shows the threat group has taken a further leap and now shifted primarily to data theft extortion without any ransomware deployment. UNC3944’s latest attack lifecycle often begins with social engineering techniques aimed at corporate help desks. Mandiant said the threat group gained initial access exploiting privileged accounts in multiple instances. The UNC3944 group used personally identifiable information (PII) such as Social Security numbers, birth dates and employment details likely scraped from social media profiles of the victims to bypass identity verification processes of help desks. They often claimed the need for a multi-factor authentication (MFA) reset due to receiving a new phone, enabling them to reset passwords and bypass MFA protections on privileged accounts.

“Evidence also suggests UNC3944 has occasionally resorted to fear mongering tactics to gain access to victim credentials. These tactics include threats of doxxing personal information, physical harm to victims and their families, and the distribution of compromising material.” - Mandiant

Phase I of UNC3944’s Attack Lifecycle

The first phase of the threat group’s attack lifecycle includes:

• Social Engineering: UNC3944 conducted sophisticated social engineering attacks, leveraging extensive research on victims to gain help desk access.
• Credential Harvesting: Used SMS phishing campaigns to harvest credentials.
• Internal Reconnaissance: After gaining access, conducted reconnaissance on Microsoft applications like SharePoint to gather internal documentation on VPNs, VDI and remote work utilities.
• Privilege Escalation: Abused Okta permissions to self-assign roles and gain broader access to SaaS applications.

[caption id="attachment_77144" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] UNC3944 attack lifecycle (Source: Mandiant)[/caption]

Phase II of the Attack Lifecycle

In the second phase of UNC3944’s attack lifecycle, the threat group employed aggressive persistence methods through the creation of new virtual machines in environments like vSphere and Azure. They use administrative privileges to create these machines and configure them to disable security policies, such as Microsoft Defender, to avoid detection. A lack of endpoint monitoring allowed the group to download tools like Mimikatz, ADRecon, and various covert tunneling utilities like NGROK, RSOCX and Localtonet to maintain access to the compromised device without needing VPN or MFA. UNC3944 has previously deployed Alphv ransomware on virtual machine file systems but Mandiant said since the turn of 2024, it has not observed ransomware deployment by this threat group.

Focus Shifts to SaaS Applications

The novel shift in UNC3944’s targeting is its exploitation of SaaS applications to gain further access and conduct reconnaissance.

“Mandiant observed access to such applications as vCenter, CyberArk, SalesForce, Azure, CrowdStrike, AWS, and GCP.”

Once the threat group gained access to any of the SaaS applications, they then used endpoint detection and response tooling to test access to the environment and further used tools like Airbyte and Fivetran to exfiltrate data to attacker-owned cloud storage.

Advanced Techniques of Phase II

Some of the advanced techniques demonstrated by UNC3944 in phase two of the attack lifecycle includes: ADFS Targeting: Exporting Active Directory Federated Services certificates to perform Golden SAML attacks for persistent cloud access. Data Exfiltration: Using cloud synchronization utilities to move data from SaaS platforms to external cloud storage. Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR): Creation of API keys in CrowdStrike’s console for executing commands and further testing access. Anti-Forensic Measures: UNC3944 employed anti-forensic techniques to obscure their activities. They use publicly available utilities to reconfigure virtual machines, disable logging, and remove endpoint protections. The attackers also used ISO files like PCUnlocker to reset local administrator passwords and bypass domain controls.

Abuse of M365 Delve Feature

Mandiant observed advanced M365 features like Microsoft Office Delve being used for data reconnaissance by UNC3944 for uncovering accessible data sources. Delve offers quick access to files based on group membership or direct sharing and shows personalized content recommendations from M365 sources and mapping organizational relationships. While this feature is useful for collaboration, UNC3944 exploited Delve for rapid reconnaissance, identifying active projects and sensitive information by recent modification. These resources typically lack sufficient security monitoring and logging. Traditional security controls, like firewalls and network flow sensors, are ineffective for detecting large data transfers from SaaS platforms. Identifying data theft with traditional logs is challenging, and real-time detection remains difficult with historical log analysis. The storage of sensitive data in SaaS applications poses significant risks that is often overlooked due to the perceived security of SaaS models. UNC3944 exploited these weaknesses and took advantage of inadequate logging and monitoring to perform data theft undetected.

Recommended Mitigation Steps

Mandiant researchers recommended a number of controls to protect against the threat group's tactics:

• Implement host-based certificates and MFA for VPN access to ensure secure connections.
• Have stricter conditional access policies and limit visibility and access within cloud tenants.
• Have enhanced monitoring through centralized logs from SaaS applications and virtual machine infrastructures to detect suspicious activities.
• Ensure comprehensive logging for SaaS applications to detect signs of malicious intent.

The Toronto District School Board is investigating a recent ransomware attack that affected its testing environment. The Toronto board is Canada's largest school board, serving approximately 238,000 students across 600 schools in the city of Toronto. The board stated that it had taken immediate action and launched an investigation upon becoming aware of possible intrusion.

Toronto District School Board's Investigation Underway

The school board stated that the incident had affected its testing environment, which had been used to evaluate new technology and programs before being deployed on systems. The board's cybersecurity team had taken immediate action upon discovering the incident, securing systems and preserving data. The Toronto District School Board had notified details of the incident to the Toronto police and the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario. [caption id="attachment_77136" align="alignnone" width="2800"] Source: www.tdsb.on.ca[/caption] In its letter of notification sent to parents and guardians, the Toronto District School Board stated that it had launched an investigation with the aid of third-party experts to fully assess the nature and scope of the incident. This includes potential compromise of its networks or breach of sensitive personal information. [caption id="attachment_77137" align="alignnone" width="1770"] Source: www.tdsb.on.ca[/caption] The letter added, "If it is determined that any personal information has been impacted, we will provide notice to all affected individuals. We understand that news of a cyber incident is concerning, but please know that we are doing everything possible to learn more about what occurred and address this situation.

Impact Unknown; More Details Expected Soon

Despite the attack, the district school board's systems remained fully operational and functional. While only the school's testing environment had been affected, Humber College cybersecurity expert Francis Syms remained concerned over the incident, as personal information is sometimes used on test environments. He added that test environments are usually not secured by multifactor authentication, potentially making data easier to access. However, he admitted that he was not aware of the testing system being used, as he was not part of the investigation team. The Toronto District School Board did not clarify whether the testing environment or its data contained any personal information. Ryan Bird, a spokesperson from the school district board, disclosed to CityNews Toronto that the full extent of the breach was unknown, or if any personal data had been compromised in the attack, but further details would be revealed by the end of the day. The Cyber Express team has reached out to the Toronto District School Board for further details and investigation results, but no responses have been received as of yet. Toronto's cybersecurity defenders have observed an uptick in cyberattacks in recent years, from both financially-motivated hackers and 'hacktivists' disrupting public systems. Some attacks occur during sensitive times such as elections, global conflicts, or visits by foreign leaders. However, ransomware attacks remain the most common form of attacks. City officials have been working with several agencies to rebuild trust in the safety of public systems and services. Charles Finlay, Toronto resident and executive director at Rogers Cybersecure Catalyst, had earlier stated to the Toronto Star, “I think the city has to be more forthcoming about what it is doing to ensure that those services are secure from cyber-attacks.” The City had witnessed several attacks on its public institutions such a Cl0p ransomware intrusion into the  City of Toronto's computer systems as well as an attack last year on the Toronto Public Library's computer systems. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Microsoft’s cybersecurity efforts have been roundly criticized in recent months, and despite pledges to do better, the company has compounded the problem with missteps like the Copilot+ Recall rollout. Microsoft security controls came under scrutiny in April with the release of a U.S. Cyber Safety Review Board (CSRB) report that detailed “a cascade of security failures at Microsoft” that allowed threat actors linked to China to access “the official email accounts of many of the most senior U.S. government officials managing our country’s relationship with the People’s Republic of China” in a July 2023 attack. Rather than make good on pledges to make cybersecurity a top priority, Microsoft followed with the cybersecurity equivalent of an own goal when it pushed ahead with the new Windows Recall screen recording feature despite the concerns of security and privacy advocates that the company belatedly tried to address. Late today, Microsoft announced that it will delay the Recall feature for further testing. The House Committee on Homeland Security held a hearing today to address the CSRB report and Microsoft security in general, with Microsoft President Brad Smith the sole witness. The hearing, titled “A Cascade of Security Failures: Assessing Microsoft Corporation’s Cybersecurity Shortfalls and the Implications for Homeland Security,” came on the same day that Pro Publica published a report detailing years of Microsoft security failings that led up to the massive 2021 SolarWinds breach.

Congressional Leaders Call for ‘Responsibility’ and ‘Accountability’

In his opening remarks, House Homeland Security Chairman Mark Green (R-TN) called the CSRB report “extremely concerning,” and spoke of the need of “restoring the public trust” in the security of Microsoft products. “China and Russia, Beijing and Moscow, are watching us right now,” he cautioned, underscoring the stakes of the hearing while offering to move any sensitive questions to a secure environment. Ranking member Bennie Thompson (D-MS) stressed that “It is not the committee’s goal to shame or discredit” Smith and Microsoft, but to improve security and accountability at the vendor that supplies 85% of federal government productivity tools. Thompson noted the Recall rollout and Pro Publica article in his comments, calling “even more troubling” Smith’s 2021 claim before Congress that no Microsoft vulnerability was exploited in the SolarWinds attack. Green and Thompson weren’t the only committee members taking a firm tone with Microsoft, as almost every member did the same in their allotted time for questioning. Lou Correa (D-CA), for example, said he was “beyond shocked” at the security revelations in the CSRB report and elsewhere.

Microsoft President Smith Pledges Action

Perhaps anticipating a rough reception from lawmakers, Smith struck a conciliatory tone in his written and spoken testimony to the committee. “Microsoft accepts responsibility for each and every one of the issues cited in the CSRB’s report,” Smith said. “Without equivocation or hesitation. And without any sense of defensiveness. But rather with a complete commitment to address every recommendation and use this report as an opportunity and foundation to strengthen our cybersecurity protection across the board.” Smith said the company is making cybersecurity part of senior executive bonus calculations and employee reviews as part of the its goal of “empowering and rewarding every employee to find security issues, report them, help fix them, and encourage broader learning from the process and the results. This requires that we incorporate this security work as an indispensable and integrated element in every aspect of the company’s engineering processes.” [caption id="attachment_77142" align="alignnone" width="750"] Microsoft President Brad Smith testifying before House Homeland Security Committee[/caption] To that end, Smith said the company has added 1,600 more security engineers this fiscal year, “and we will add another 800 new security positions in our next fiscal year.” Senior-level Deputy CISOs at Microsoft have been tasked with expanding “oversight of the various engineering teams to assess and ensure that security is ‘baked into’ engineering decision-making and processes.” Smith said cyberattacks in general have become a massive problem: “the pace of attacks has increased to the point where there is now constant combat in cyberspace,” he said. “Not just every day, but literally every second. Microsoft alone detects almost 4,000 password-based attacks against our customers every second of every day.”

Microsoft Security Plans

Smith said Microsoft has mapped all 16 of the CSRB recommendations applicable to Microsoft “to ensure that we are addressing them” as part of the company’s Secure Future Initiative. The company is “actively in the process of transitioning both our consumer and enterprise identity systems to a new hardened key management system that leverages hardware security modules for the storage and generation of keys. We are rolling out proprietary data and corresponding detection signals at all places where tokens are validated. And we have made significant progress on Automated and Frequent Key Rotation, Common Auth Libraries, and Proprietary Data used in our token generation algorithm.” Smith’s written testimony outlined six “pillars” for improving security: Protect Identities and Secrets: Microsoft plans to implement and enforce “best-in-class standards across our infrastructure that manages identities and sensitive information such as passwords ('secrets'), to ensure that only the right people and applications access the right resources.” Protect Tenants and Isolate Production Systems: The company pledges to “continuously validate isolation of production systems – including those upon which we operate the Microsoft Cloud.” Protect Networks: Microsoft will “Continuously improve and implement best-in-class practices to protect Microsoft production networks.” Protect Engineering Systems: The company said it will work to “Continuously improve our software supply chain and the systems that enable Microsoft engineers to develop, build, test, and release software, thereby protecting software assets and improving code security.” Monitor and Detect Threats: This initiative calls for Microsoft to improve “coverage and automatic detection of ever evolving threats to Microsoft production infrastructure and services, accelerating actioning against those threats.” Accelerate Response and Remediation: Speeding incident response and remediation is the final pillar, so “when we learn of vulnerabilities in our offerings or our infrastructure, to be even more comprehensive and timely and better prevent exploitation of those vulnerabilities.” Updated to reflect the delay in the Recall rollout.

The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has issued an alert about a recent impersonation scam in which scammers posed as its representatives and employees. Fraudsters in the campaign may extort money in various ways, such as bank transfers, gift cards or cryptocurrency payments.

CISA Impersonation Scam

The spammers behind the campaign make phone calls to victims in which they claim to be contacting targets on behalf of CISA; they then ask victims to share personal information or money under the guise of protecting their accounts from unauthorized activity. Fraudsters may also direct victims to download additional software or click on links to "verify" their identity. However, CISA confirmed that it would never make such demands. "CISA staff will never contact you with a request to wire money, cash, cryptocurrency, or use gift cards and will never instruct you to keep the discussion secret," CISA warned. Possible red flags to watch out for:

• Unsolicited phone calls that claim to be from CISA.
• Callers requesting personal information, such as passwords, social security numbers, or financial information.
• Callers demanding payment or transfer of money to "protect" your account.
• Callers creating a sense of urgency or pressuring you to take immediate action.

If you're targeted by a CISA impersonation scam, here's what you should do:

• Do not pay the caller.
• Take record of  the numbers used.
• Hang up the phone immediately while ignoring further calls from suspicious numbers.
• Report the scam to CISA by calling (844) SAY-CISA (844-729-2472).

FTC Observes Uptick in Impersonation Scams

The CISA impersonation scam is a recent example of the rise in impersonation fraud targeting both businesses and government agencies. According to the latest data from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the number of such scams has increased dramatically in recent years, and cost consumers more than $1.1 billion in 2023 alone. The FTC report showed that in 2023, the agency received more than 330,000 reports of fraud posing as a business and almost 160,000 reports of fraud posing as a government. Collectively, these incidents account for almost half of all fraud cases reported directly to the FTC. "The financial injury is breath-taking – and cash-taking," the FTC quipped in its Spotlight. It further added, "Reported losses to impersonation scams topped $1.1 billion in 2023, more than three times what consumers reported in 2020." While fraudsters employ various types of scams, the FTC noted that the below types accounted for nearly half of the reported/observed scams in 2023:

1. Copycat account security alerts: Scams that pretend to impersonate legitimate services such as Amazon while purporting to be about unauthorized activity or charges to their account.
2. Phony subscription renewals: Usually email notices that alert targets of auto-renew charges to various online services.
3. Fake giveaways, discounts, or money to claim: Fake rewards or winnings that claim to originate from legitimate providers such as internet providers or large retailers.
4. Bogus problems with the law: Scammers try to deceive targets into believing that their identity had been used to commit heinous crimes such as money laundering or the smuggling of drugs.
5. Made-up package delivery problems: Messages that alert you of fake delivery problems with legitimate delivery services such as the U.S. Postal Service, UPS, or FedEx.

To avoid such scams, the FTC has advised consumers to not click on unexpected links or messages, avoid scenarios where gift cards are offered as an option to fix problems, and scrutinize urgent offers and claims. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

In the aftermath of the Synnovis ransomware attack that struck last week, London hospitals continue to struggle to deliver patient care at an optimal level. The attack on the pathology services provider has brought down the daily blood sampling count in major London hospitals from 10,000 to merely 400 per day, according to Synnovis.

“Urgent requests are severely restricted at around 400 a day. Historically primary care and community services have generated around 10,000 samples a day for testing, which gives you an idea of the scale of the impact.” - Synnovis

Services including blood transfusions reportedly remain severely disrupted at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital and King's College Hospital. Both hospitals are experiencing disruption of pathology services, particularly blood tests.

Blood Testing Severely Impacted After Synnovis Ransomware Attack

The biggest challenge that Synnovis is currently facing is that all its automated end-to-end laboratory processes are offline since all IT systems have been locked down in response to the ransomware attack. “This means we are having to log all samples manually when they arrive, select each test manually on analyzers and, once tests have been processed, type in each result on the laboratory’s computer system (the Laboratory Information Management System - LIMS),” Synnovis said. And this is not the end of it. Synnovis then must manually deliver these results to the Trust’s IT system so that the results can be further electronically submitted back to the requester. But since the Synnovis’ LIMS is presently disconnected from the Trusts’ IT systems, “this extensive manual activity takes so much time that it severely limits the number of pathology tests we can process at the moment,” Synnovis explained. The pathology service provider normally processes around 10,000 primary care blood samples a day, but at the moment is managing only up to 400 from across all six boroughs. “Despite the measures we know colleagues are taking to prioritize the most urgent samples, we are receiving many more than we can process and we have an increasing backlog,” Synnovis said. The lab services provider last week was able to process around 3,000 Full Blood Count samples but could not export results due to the lack of IT connectivity. “Of those tests processed, we have phoned through all results that sit outside of critical limits, however, we have been unable to return any results electronically and are unlikely to be able to do so,” Synnovis said. The impact of the Synnovis ransomware attack is also felt on NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), as it appealed to the public earlier this week to urgently donate O blood-type (+ve and -ve) across England. The attack caused significant disruption on the hospitals’ ability to match patients’ blood types, leading to an increased demand for O-positive and O-negative blood donations that are medically considered safe for all patients.

Will Process only 'Clinically Critical' Blood Samples

To manage the inadequacy of the services, the service provider is momentarily only accepting blood samples that the requesting clinician considers to be “clinically critical.” Clinicians need to consider a test as “critical” only if a test result is needed within 24 hours to determine a patient’s urgent treatment or care plan. “As experts, your clinical view of what is considered ‘critical’ will be accepted by the laboratory, but we urge you to apply this definition carefully, given the severe capacity limitations we are facing,” Synnovis recommended. [caption id="attachment_77097" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Source: Synnovis[/caption] The pathology service provider is also working with NHS Trust to install laptops at the hub laboratory, which will give them access to the Trust IT systems to return test results electronically.

Caregivers Working Overtime

Doctors and caregivers at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital and King's College Hospital have been putting in extra hours since the Synnovis ransomware attack disrupted services last week. But this is not enough, as KCH has already cancelled some of its operations and is working only at about 70% capacity. Three of its 17 operating theatres remain shut, BBC reported.

The first quarter of 2024 painted a concerning picture of security threats for enterprise organizations: information leaks and breaches exposed sensitive data across major corporations.

The post Q1 2024: A Wake-up Call for Insider Threats appeared first on Security Boulevard.

Source: www.databreachtoday.com – Author: 1 Governance & Risk Management , Government , Industry Specific Agency Seeks Feedback on OT Security Reference Guide for Water, Wastewater Sectors Chris Riotta (@chrisriotta) • June 12, 2024     NIST issued a draft water sector OT security reference guide. (Image: Shutterstock) Networked control systems in municipal water systems are […]

La entrada NIST Publishes Draft OT Cybersecurity Guide for Water Sector – Source: www.databreachtoday.com se publicó primero en CISO2CISO.COM & CYBER SECURITY GROUP.