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Today — 18 June 2024Main stream

Linux Malware Campaign Uses Discord Emojis in Attack on Indian Government Targets

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Paul Shread
18 June 2024 at 02:30

Discord emojis used in cyber attack

Cybersecurity researchers are tracking a novel Linux malware campaign that makes use of Discord emojis for command and control (C2) communication with attackers. The campaign’s unusual combination of Linux malware and phishing lures suggests an attack aimed at Linux desktop users, the researchers from Volexity said. “Volexity assesses it is highly likely this campaign, and the malware used, is targeted specifically towards government entities in India, who use a custom Linux distribution named BOSS as their daily desktop,” they wrote.

Threat Actor ‘UTA0137’ Linked to Campaign

Volexity researchers connected the campaign to a Pakistan-based threat actor they call UTA0137. The researchers said they have “high confidence that UTA0137 has espionage-related objectives and a remit to target government entities in India. Based on Volexity’s analysis, UTA0137’s campaigns appear to have been successful.” The researchers say they have “moderate confidence” that UTA0137 is a Pakistan-based threat actor because of the group’s targets and a few other reasons:
  • The Pakistani time zone was hardcoded in one malware sample.
  • There are weak infrastructure links to SideCopy, a known Pakistan-based threat actor.
  • The Punjabi language was used in the malware.
The malware used by the threat group uses a modified version of the discord-c2 GitHub project for its Discord command and control (C2) communication. The malware, dubbed DISGOMOJI by the researchers, is written in Golang and compiled for Linux systems. The threat actors also use the DirtyPipe (CVE-2022-0847) privilege escalation exploit against “BOSS 9” systems, which remain vulnerable to the exploit.

Attack Starts With DSOP PDF

The malware is delivered via a DSOP.pdf lure, which claims to be a beneficiary document of India’s Defence Service Officer Provident Fund (screenshot below). [caption id="attachment_77503" align="alignnone" width="750"]DSOP phishing lure The DSOP lure that downloads the malware[/caption] The malware then downloads the next-stage payload, named vmcoreinfo, from a remote server, clawsindia[.]in. The payload is an instance of the DISGOMOJI malware and is dropped in a hidden folder named .x86_64-linux-gnu in the user’s home directory. DISGOMOJI, a UPX-packed ELF written in Golang, uses Discord for C2. “An authentication token and server ID are hardcoded inside the ELF, which are used to access the Discord server,”  they wrote. “The malware creates a dedicated channel for itself in the Discord server, meaning each channel in the server represents an individual victim. The attacker can then interact with every victim individually using these channels.” On startup, DISGOMOJI sends a check-in message in the channel that contains information like the internal IP, the user name, host name, OS and current working directory. The malware can survive reboots through the addition of a @reboot entry to the crontab, and it also downloads a script named uevent_seqnum.sh to copy files from any attached USB devices.

Discord Emojis Used for C2 Communication

C2 communication uses an emoji-based protocol, “where the attacker sends commands to the malware by sending emojis to the command channel, with additional parameters following the emoji where applicable.” A Clock emoji in the command message lets the attacker know a command is being processed, while a Check Mark emoji confirms that the command was executed. The researchers summarized the emoji commands in a table: [caption id="attachment_77505" align="alignnone" width="750"]Discord emoji malware The Discord emojis used to communicate with attackers (source: Volexity)[/caption] Post-exploitation activities include use of the Zenity utility to display malicious dialog boxes to socially engineer users into giving up their passwords. Open source tools such as Nmap, Chisel and Ligolo are also used, and the DirtyPipe exploit suggests increasing sophistication of the atacker's methods, the researchers said. Indicators of compromise (IoCs) can be downloaded from the Volexity GitHub page:

Akira Ransomware Claims the TETRA Technologies, 40GB of Sensitive Data at Risk

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
18 June 2024 at 02:25

TETRA Technologies cyberattack

TETRA Technologies, Inc., a diversified oil and gas services company operating through divisions including Fluids, Production Testing, Compression, and Offshore, has reportedly fallen victim to the Akira ransomware group. This TETRA Technologies cyberattack has put crucial data at risk, including personal documents like passports, birth certificates, and driver’s licenses, as well as confidential agreements and NDAs. The threat actor responsible for the attack has indicated their intention to release approximately 40GB of sensitive data. Despite these claims, TETRA Technologies has not yet issued an official statement confirming or denying the breach.

Decoding the TETRA Technologies Cyberattack Claim by Akira Ransomware

[caption id="attachment_77529" align="alignnone" width="716"]TETRA Technologies Cyberattack Source: Dark Web[/caption] The Cyber Express has reached out to the organization to learn more about this TETRA Technologies cyberattack. However, at the time of writing this, no official statement or response has been received, leaving the claims for the TETRA Technologies cyberattack unconfirmed. While the company’s public-facing website appears to be operational, it is speculated that the attack may have targeted internal systems or backend infrastructure rather than causing a visible disruption like a DDoS attack or website defacement. The threat actor behind this attack, Akira ransomware, has emerged as a significant threat in cybersecurity, highlighted by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) warning and its widespread impact across various industries worldwide. Known for a dual extortion tactic involving data exfiltration and encryption, Akira ransomware demands ransom payments to prevent data publication on their dark website and to receive decryption keys. The group's name references a 1988 anime film, and they use specific strings like "*.akira" and "akira_readme.txt" for detection. 

TETRA Technologies Releases New Processes for Managing Cybersecurity Risks and Governance

In their recent regulatory filings, specifically the 10-K filed on 2024-02-27, TETRA Technologies detailed their cybersecurity risk management and governance processes. These include ongoing risk assessments, incident response planning, and the implementation of cybersecurity training programs for employees. The company acknowledges the persistent evolution of cyber threats and emphasizes the importance of maintaining robust defenses against potential attacks. The Vice President of Information Technology leads TETRA Technologies’ cybersecurity initiatives, supported by a comprehensive framework to assess, identify, and manage cybersecurity risks across their operations. Regular updates and enhancements to their security protocols are integral to adapting to emerging threats and complying with regulatory standards. The Board of Directors and Audit Committee of TETRA Technologies provide oversight on cybersecurity matters, receiving periodic updates on the company’s cybersecurity risk profile and incident response capabilities. Management highlighted its commitment to safeguarding sensitive information and maintaining operational continuity despite the challenges posed by cyber threats. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.
Yesterday — 17 June 2024Main stream

Strengthening the Shield: Cybersecurity Strategies for SMEs

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Editorial
17 June 2024 at 14:03

Cybersecurity Strategies

By: Abhilash R., Head of Cybersecurity at OQ Trading In a progressively digital world, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are not immune to cyber threats. Despite their size, SMEs are prime targets for cyberattacks due to their limited resources and perceived vulnerability. Therefore, implementing robust cybersecurity strategies is imperative to safeguard sensitive data, maintain customer trust, and ensure business continuity. This article delves into five essential cybersecurity strategies tailored to SMEs, emphasizing their importance, and providing cost effective solutions.

Employee Education and Training

One of the most critical cybersecurity strategies for SMEs is ensuring that employees are educated and trained in cybersecurity best practices. Human error remains a significant factor in cyber incidents, making cybersecurity awareness training indispensable. Employees should be educated on recognizing phishing attempts, creating strong passwords, and understanding the importance of software updates. Importance: Employees serve as the first line of defence against cyber threats, they are also the weakest links in cybersecurity. By educating them, SMEs can significantly reduce the risk of successful cyberattacks. Solutions: Implement regular cybersecurity training sessions for all employees, covering topics such as identifying suspicious emails, safe internet browsing practices, and responding to security incidents. Utilize online training resources and simulations to reinforce learning effectively. You can develop internal cybersecurity awareness materials using free or low cost presentation tools such as Google Slides or Microsoft PowerPoint. Create engaging presentations covering topics like identifying phishing emails, password best practices, and responding to security incidents. Additionally, leverage free online resources such as cybersecurity blogs, webinars, and tutorials to supplement employee training efforts. Encourage participation in online courses offered by reputable cybersecurity organizations, some of which may be available at no cost.

Implementing Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Multifactor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification before accessing sensitive data or systems. This strategy helps mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, even if passwords are compromised. Importance: Passwords alone are no longer sufficient to protect against cyber threats. MFA significantly enhances security by requiring additional authentication factors, such as biometric data or one-time codes. Solutions: Implement MFA for all accounts with access to sensitive information or critical systems. Many cloud-based services and software applications offer built-in MFA capabilities, making implementation relatively straightforward and cost effective. Utilize built-in MFA features provided by cloud-based services and software applications, many of which offer MFA functionality at no additional cost. Implement open source MFA solutions that can be customized to fit the organization's specific needs without incurring licensing fees. Alternatively, explore low-cost MFA options offered by third-party providers, ensuring compatibility with existing systems and scalability as the business grows.

Regular Data Backups

Data loss can have devastating consequences for SMEs, ranging from financial losses to reputational damage. Regularly backing up data is essential for mitigating the impact of ransomware attacks, hardware failures, or accidental deletions. Importance: Data backups serve as a safety net, allowing SMEs to recover quickly in the event of a cyber incident. Without backups, businesses risk permanent loss of valuable information. Solutions: Automate regular backups of critical data to secure cloud storage or offline storage devices. Utilize backup solutions that offer versioning capabilities, allowing businesses to restore data to previous states if necessary. Utilize cloud based backup solutions that offer affordable storage options and automated backup scheduling. Leverage free or low cost backup software with basic features for backing up critical data to secure cloud storage or external hard drives. Implement a combination of full and incremental backups to optimize storage space and minimize backup times. Explore open source backup solutions that provide flexibility and customization options without the need for expensive proprietary software.

Network Security Measures

Securing the network infrastructure is crucial for protecting against external threats and unauthorized access. SMEs should implement robust network security measures, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and virtual private networks (VPNs). Importance: Networks are prime targets for cyberattacks, making network security measures essential for preventing unauthorized access and data breaches. Solutions: Deploy firewalls to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic. Implement IDS to detect and respond to suspicious activities within the network. Utilize VPNs to encrypt data transmissions and establish secure connections for remote workers. Implement open source firewall solutions that provide robust network protection without the high cost associated with commercial firewalls. Utilize free or low cost intrusion detection system (IDS) software that offers essential features such as real time monitoring and threat detection. Explore cost effective virtual private network (VPN) solutions tailored to SMEs' needs, such as subscription based services with affordable pricing plans and easy deployment for remote workers.

Regular Security Assessments and Updates

Cyber threats are constantly evolving, requiring SMEs to stay vigilant and proactive in their cybersecurity efforts. Regular security assessments and updates help identify vulnerabilities and ensure that systems and software are up to date with the latest security patches. Importance: Cyber threats are continuously evolving, making regular security assessments and updates essential for maintaining strong cybersecurity posture. Solutions: Conduct regular security assessments to identify potential vulnerabilities in systems, networks, and applications. Develop and implement a patch management strategy to ensure that software and firmware updates are applied promptly. Conduct internal security assessments using free or low cost vulnerability scanning tools to identify potential weaknesses in systems and networks. Utilize open source penetration testing frameworks to simulate cyberattacks and assess the effectiveness of existing security measures. Implement a systematic approach to applying security patches and updates, leveraging free tools provided by software vendors or community driven initiatives. Additionally, establish internal processes for monitoring security advisories and alerts issued by relevant authorities to stay informed about emerging threats and vulnerabilities. In conclusion, cybersecurity is a critical concern for SMEs in today's digital landscape. By implementing the strategies explained above, SMEs can significantly enhance their cybersecurity posture without breaking the bank. Investing in cybersecurity is not only essential for protecting sensitive data and maintaining business operations but also for safeguarding the long-term viability and reputation of SMEs in an increasingly interconnected world. About Author: Abhilash Radhadevi, a seasoned cybersecurity leader, serves as the Head of Cybersecurity at OQ Trading, bringing over two decades of comprehensive experience in the Banking, Financial, Oil and Energy sectors. Widely recognized for his adept leadership, Abhilash has effectively steered international organizations through intricate security challenges. His illustrious career includes spearheading pioneering cybersecurity strategies, resulting in prestigious awards and acclaim. Beyond his professional achievements, Abhilash maintains a global influence and demonstrates unwavering commitment to mentoring, showcasing his dedication to shaping the future landscape of cybersecurity. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Understanding Cyberconflict in the Geopolitical Context

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Editorial
17 June 2024 at 14:00

Cyberconflict

By Hoda Alkhzaimi The technological prowess of small nations is increasingly recognized as a significant driver of global economic power. This is because technology is a great equalizer; it can enable small nations to leapfrog development stages and compete on a global scale. For instance, the UNCTAD Technology and Innovation Report 2021 highlights that frontier technologies like AI, robotics, and biotechnology have the potential to significantly boost sustainable development, while also posing the risk of widening the digital divide. Small nations, by embracing these technologies, can foster innovation, improve productivity, and create high-value industries that contribute to global trade and economic growth. Moreover, the digital transformation allows for the democratization of information and resources, enabling smaller economies to participate in markets traditionally dominated by larger countries. The OECD also emphasizes the role of SMEs in adapting to a more open and digitalized environment, which is essential for inclusive globalization. Therefore, the technological development of small nations is not just about national progress; it's about contributing to and shaping the global economic landscape. By investing in technology and innovation, small nations can assert their presence on the world stage, influencing global trends and economic policies. Cyber conflicts have emerged as a significant factor in international relations, influencing the dynamics of power in the digital age. The Atlantic Council's Cyber Statecraft Initiative highlights the shift from traditional deterrence strategies to more proactive measures like Defend Forward and Persistent Engagement, reflecting the evolving nature of cyber threats. Research published in Armed Forces & Society suggests that cyber conflicts, termed 'cool wars', are reshaping interactions between states, with denial-of-service attacks and behaviour-changing tactics significantly affecting state relations. Moreover, the ICRC has raised concerns about the protection of civilians from cyber threats during armed conflicts, emphasizing the need for legal and policy frameworks to address the digital risks in warfare. The CyberPeace Institute's analysis of cyberattacks in the context of the Ukraine conflict provides valuable data on the harm to civilians and the evolution of cyber threats. Additionally, the European Repository of Cyber Incidents offers an extensive database of cyber incidents, which can serve as a resource for understanding the scope and impact of cyber warfare. These insights underscore the importance of cyber capabilities in asserting influence and the need for robust cyber defence mechanisms to safeguard national security and civilian welfare in the face of digital threats. The interplay between cyber operations and political power is complex, and as technology continues to advance, the implications for international stability and power hierarchies will likely become even more pronounced

The Role of Misinformation and Disinformation in Cyberconflict

Misinformation and disinformation play a critical role in the landscape of cyberconflict, shaping public perception and influencing the dynamics of geopolitical tensions. A report by Full Fact highlights the detrimental impact of false information on democratic societies, emphasizing the need for informed citizenship to combat the spread of such information. Similarly, data from UNESCO underscores the pervasive risk of encountering disinformation across various media platforms, with statistics indicating a significant trust deficit in media and an increase in the manipulation of news consumption. The cybersecurity sector also recognizes disinformation as a substantial threat, with a study by the Institute for Public Relations revealing that 63% of Americans view disinformation as a major societal issue, and nearly half of cybersecurity professionals consider it a significant threat to security. These concerns are echoed globally, as a survey found that over 85% of people worry about the impact of online disinformation on their country's politics. The intertwining of misinformation, disinformation, and cyberconflict presents a complex challenge that requires a multifaceted approach, including media literacy, regulatory frameworks, and international cooperation to mitigate its effects and safeguard information integrity.

The Role of Big Tech in Cyberconflict Interplay

The role of big tech companies in cyber conflict is a complex and evolving issue. These companies often find themselves at the forefront of cyber conflict, whether as targets, mediators, or sometimes even participants. For instance, during civil conflicts, digital technologies have been used to recruit followers, finance activities, and control narratives, posing additional challenges for peacemakers. The explosive growth of digital technologies has also opened new potential domains for conflict, with state and non-state actors capable of carrying out attacks across international borders, affecting critical infrastructure and diminishing trust among states. In response to the invasion of Ukraine, big tech companies played crucial roles in addressing information warfare and cyber-attacks, showcasing their significant influence during times of conflict. Moreover, the technological competition between major powers like the United States and China further highlights the geopolitical dimension of big tech's involvement in cyber conflict. These instances underscore the need for a robust framework to manage the participation of big tech in cyber conflict, ensuring that their capabilities are harnessed for peace and security rather than exacerbating tensions.

Hedging the Risks of Using AI and Emerging Tech To Scaleup Misinformation and Global Cyberconflicts

In response to the growing threat of election misinformation, various initiatives have been undertaken globally. The World Economic Forum has identified misinformation as a top societal threat and emphasized the need for a concerted effort to combat it, especially in an election year with a significant global population going to the polls. The European Union has implemented a voluntary code of practice for online platforms to take proactive measures against disinformation, including the establishment of a Rapid Alert System and the promotion of fact-checking and media literacy programs. In the United States, the Brennan Center for Justice advocates for active monitoring of false election information and collaboration with internet companies to curb digital disinformation. Additionally, the North Carolina State Board of Elections (NCSBE) provides guidelines for the public to critically assess the credibility of election news sources and encourages the use of reputable outlets. These initiatives represent a multifaceted approach to safeguarding the integrity of elections by enhancing public awareness, improving digital literacy, and fostering collaboration between governments, tech companies, and civil society. In the ongoing battle against election misinformation, several key alliances and actions have been formed. Notably, the AI Elections Accord was proposed for public signature at the Munich Security Conference on February 16, 2024. This accord represents a commitment by technology companies to combat deceptive AI content in elections. In a similar vein, Meta established a dedicated team on February 26, 2024, to address disinformation and the misuse of AI leading up to the European Parliament elections. Furthermore, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States took a decisive step by making AI-generated voices in robocalls illegal on February 8, 2024, to prevent their use in misleading voters. These measures reflect a growing recognition of the need for collaborative efforts to safeguard the integrity of elections in the digital age. The alliances and regulations are pivotal in ensuring that the democratic process remains transparent and trustworthy amidst the challenges posed by advanced technologies. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

The Snowballing of the Snowflake Breach: All About the Massive Snowflake Data Breach

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Mihir Bagwe
17 June 2024 at 13:20

Snowflake breach, Snowflake, Snowflake cyber incident, Snowflake Cyberattack

With companies coming forward every day announcing impacts from their third-party cloud data storage vendor, the Snowflake data breach seems to be snowballing into one of the biggest data breaches of the digital age. Here's everything to know about the Snowflake breach; we'll update this page as new information becomes available.

Why the Snowflake Breach Matters

Snowflake is a prominent U.S.-based cloud data storage and analytics company, with over 9,800 global customers. Its customer base includes major corporations like Adobe, AT&T, Capital One, DoorDash, HP, JetBlue, Mastercard, Micron, NBC Universal, Nielsen, Novartis, Okta, PepsiCo, Siemens, US Foods, Western Union, and Yamaha, among others. Snowflake holds approximately a 20% share of the data warehouse market and was recently ranked #1 on the Fortune Future 50 List, it an attractive target for cybercriminals. However, it is crucial to note that the breaches are not necessarily due to failures by Snowflake. The correlation does not imply causation, as emphasized by Snowflake’s Chief Information Security Officer Brad Jones. The company, along with its forensic partners, found no evidence of vulnerabilities or breaches within Snowflake’s platform.

Ongoing Investigation and Preliminary Results in Snowflake Breach

On May 31, Snowflake revealed that attackers accessed customer accounts using single-factor authentication. According to preliminary results, these attackers leveraged credentials obtained through infostealing malware.

Compromised Employee Account

Snowflake confirmed that a threat actor obtained credentials from a single former employee, accessing demo accounts that were isolated from production and corporate systems. Snowflake’s core systems are protected by Okta and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) but the demo accounts lacked such safeguards.

Test Environments Targeted

Demo accounts are often overlooked as security risks. Despite assurances that these accounts do not contain sensitive data, they remain attractive targets due to their perceived value. Cybercriminals exploit the perception gap, knowing that a claimed breach of a high-profile company like Snowflake can generate significant media attention.

Attack Path

The initial access point for the attackers was almost certainly compromised credentials obtained through infostealing malware. Mandiant, who helped Snowflake in its investigation, confirmed that the compromised credentials were from customer instances and were traced back to infostealer malware logs. Several variants of infostealer malware were used, including VIDAR, RISEPRO, REDLINE, RACOON STEALER, LUMMA, and METASTEALER.

Possible Reasons for the Breach

Mandiant confirmed that there was no breach of Snowflake’s enterprise environment. They identified that most credentials used by the attackers originated from historical infostealer infections. The lack of MFA and failure to rotate credentials for up to four years were significant factors. Network allow lists were also not used to restrict access to trusted locations.

Unconfirmed Threat Actor Claims

The threat actor also claimed to have logged into Snowflake’s ServiceNow using the same credentials. This claim has neither been confirmed nor explicitly refuted by Snowflake. Other unknowns include whether similar methods compromised other Snowflake employees, and the definition of "sensitive" data used for determining the impact on demo accounts. The investigation is ongoing, but Snowflake stands by its initial findings.

Affected Customers from Snowflake Breach

The data breaches began in April 2024, and the company claimed it had impacted a “limited” number of Snowflake customers. Snowflake initially did not disclose the exact number or the names of all affected customers. However, a comprehensive report from Mandiant two weeks after the initial disclosure revealed that 165 customers were impacted in the Snowflake data breach. While some victims have been identified through attackers’ offers to sell stolen data, others were revealed via mandatory public disclosures. Most companies have yet to confirm the impact. Following is a list of all companies know to have been impacted in the Snowflake data breach:
  • Santander Group: The company confirmed a compromise without mentioning Snowflake.
  • Impact: Santander Bank staff and 30 million customers’ data has allegedly been breached.
  • TicketMaster (Live Nation Entertainment subsidiary): Confirmed via an SEC 8-K report, with Snowflake identified as the third party involved.
  • Impact: 560 Million TicketMaster user details and card info potentially at risk.
  • LendingTree: Notified by Snowflake about a potential data impact involving QuoteWizard.
  • Impact: On June 1, a hacker going by the name “Sp1d3r” posted on the cybercriminal platform BreachForums that they had stolen the sensitive information of over 190 million people from QuoteWizard. The alleged database included customer details, partial credit card numbers, insurance quotes and other information.
  • Advance Auto Parts: Unconfirmed by the company, but a dark web listing claimed significant data theft.
  • Impact: Same actor as LendingTree claimed leak of 380 million customers and 358,000 former and current employees.
  • Pure Storage: The Pure Storage data breach involved a third party temporarily gaining access to the workspace, which housed data such as company names, LDAP usernames, email addresses, and the Purity software release version number.
  • Impact: The same threat actor known as “Sp1d3r” claimed responsibility, alleging the theft of 3 terabytes of data from the company’s Snowflake cloud storage that was reportedly being sold for $1.5 million.
Tech Crunch discovered over 500 login credentials and web addresses for Snowflake environments on a website used by attackers to search for stolen credentials. These included corporate email addresses found in a recent data dump from various Telegram channels.

Security Measures and Customer Support

Snowflake Chief Information Security Officer Brad Jones reiterated the company's findings, asserting that the breaches were not due to any vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, or breaches of Snowflake’s platform or personnel credentials. Snowflake is collaborating with customers to enhance security measures and plans to mandate advanced security controls such as multi-factor authentication (MFA) and network policies, especially for privileged accounts. The company acknowledges the friction in their MFA enrollment process and is working to streamline it. The shared responsibility model places MFA enforcement on customers, but Snowflake aims to make it a standard prerequisite due to the high sensitivity of the data stored in their cloud environments.

Key Recommendations for Snowflake Customers:

  1. Enforce Multi-Factor Authentication: Make MFA mandatory for all accounts, particularly those with privileged access.
  2. Regularly Rotate Credentials: Ensure that all credentials are regularly updated to prevent long-term exposure from previous leaks.
  3. Implement Network Allow Lists: Restrict access to trusted IP addresses to minimize unauthorized access.
  4. Enhance Logging and Monitoring: Improve logging and monitoring capabilities to detect and respond to suspicious activities promptly.
Snowflake has also published indicators of compromise and steps for detecting and preventing unauthorized user access here. Cloud security firm Permiso has developed an open-source tool dubbed "YetiHunter" to detect and hunt for suspicious activity in Snowflake environments based on the IoCs shared by Snowflake, Mandiant, DataDog, and its own intelligence. Editor's Note: This blog will be updated as additional breach information from Snowflake and its customers becomes available or is claimed by threat actors on underground forums for sale. Links and data to any additional IoCs related to the Snowflake breach will be published here too.

Using LLMs to Exploit Vulnerabilities

✇Security Boulevard
By: Bruce Schneier
17 June 2024 at 07:08

Interesting research: “Teams of LLM Agents can Exploit Zero-Day Vulnerabilities.”

Abstract: LLM agents have become increasingly sophisticated, especially in the realm of cybersecurity. Researchers have shown that LLM agents can exploit real-world vulnerabilities when given a description of the vulnerability and toy capture-the-flag problems. However, these agents still perform poorly on real-world vulnerabilities that are unknown to the agent ahead of time (zero-day vulnerabilities).

In this work, we show that teams of LLM agents can exploit real-world, zero-day vulnerabilities. Prior agents struggle with exploring many different vulnerabilities and long-range planning when used alone. To resolve this, we introduce HPTSA, a system of agents with a planning agent that can launch subagents. The planning agent explores the system and determines which subagents to call, resolving long-term planning issues when trying different vulnerabilities. We construct a benchmark of 15 real-world vulnerabilities and show that our team of agents improve over prior work by up to 4.5×...

The post Using LLMs to Exploit Vulnerabilities appeared first on Security Boulevard.

Using LLMs to Exploit Vulnerabilities

✇Schneier on Security
By: Bruce Schneier
17 June 2024 at 07:08

Interesting research: “Teams of LLM Agents can Exploit Zero-Day Vulnerabilities.”

Abstract: LLM agents have become increasingly sophisticated, especially in the realm of cybersecurity. Researchers have shown that LLM agents can exploit real-world vulnerabilities when given a description of the vulnerability and toy capture-the-flag problems. However, these agents still perform poorly on real-world vulnerabilities that are unknown to the agent ahead of time (zero-day vulnerabilities).

In this work, we show that teams of LLM agents can exploit real-world, zero-day vulnerabilities. Prior agents struggle with exploring many different vulnerabilities and long-range planning when used alone. To resolve this, we introduce HPTSA, a system of agents with a planning agent that can launch subagents. The planning agent explores the system and determines which subagents to call, resolving long-term planning issues when trying different vulnerabilities. We construct a benchmark of 15 real-world vulnerabilities and show that our team of agents improve over prior work by up to 4.5×.

The LLMs aren’t finding new vulnerabilities. They’re exploiting zero-days—which means they are not trained on them—in new ways. So think about this sort of thing combined with another AI that finds new vulnerabilities in code.

These kinds of developments are important to follow, as they are part of the puzzle of a fully autonomous AI cyberattack agent. I talk about this sort of thing more here.

Before yesterdayMain stream

Young Cyber Scammer Arrested, Allegedly Behind Cyberattacks on 45 U.S. Companies

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Mihir Bagwe
14 June 2024 at 17:46

Young Cyber Scammer, Cyber Scammer,

A 22-year-old British national, allegedly the leader of an organized cybercrime group that targeted nearly four dozen U.S. companies, was arrested in Palma de Mallorca at the behest of the FBI, said the Spanish National Police. The young man allegedly orchestrated attacks on 45 companies in the United States through phishing campaigns, and subsequently gained unauthorized access to sensitive company information and cryptocurrency wallets.

Cyber Scammer Used Familiar Playbook

The modus operandi of the cybercriminal was simple: use phishing techniques to obtain access credentials from individuals,; use these credentials to infiltrate corporate work systems; exfiltrate sensitive company data that was likely monetized and put up for sale on dark web forums; and also access victims' cryptocurrency wallets to siphon them off. This modus operandi allowed the scammer to amass a significant amount of bitcoins. The Spanish police said the young cyber scammer managed to gain control over 391 bitcoins - approximately valued at over $27 million - from his victims. The arrest occurred at Palma airport as the suspect was preparing to leave Spain on a charter flight to Naples. The operation was conducted by agents of the Spanish National Police in collaboration with the FBI. The investigation, led by the Central Cybercrime Unit and supported by the Balearic Superior Headquarters, began in late May when the FBI’s Los Angeles office requested information about the suspect that they believed was in Spain. The FBI reported that an International Arrest Warrant had been issued by a Federal Court of the Central District of California, prompting intensified efforts to locate the suspect.

Laptop, Phone Seized

The suspect was carrying a laptop and a mobile phone at the time of his arrest, which were seized. The judicial authority subsequently ordered the suspect to be placed in provisional prison. The FBI did not immediately provide a response on whether the young British man would be extradited to the U.S. to be tried, nor did they release details on an indictment, but many similar cases in the recent past show the possibility of that happening soon.

Linked to Scattered Spider?

The cybercrime-focused vx-underground X account (formerly known as Twitter) said the U.K. man arrested was a SIM-swapper who operated under the alias “Tyler.” Fraudster's transfer the target’s phone number in a sim swapping attack to a device they control and intercept any text messages or phone calls to the victim. This includes one-time passcodes for authentication or password reset links sent over an SMS. “He is a known SIM-swapper and is allegedly involved with the infamous Scattered Spider group,” vx-underground tweeted. The details, however, could not be confirmed but independent journalist Brian Krebs said the accused is a 22-year-old from Dundee, Scotland named Tyler Buchanan, also allegedly known as “tylerb” on Telegram chat channels centered around SIM-swapping.
“Most notably he is believed to be a key component of the MGM ransomware attack, and is believed to be associated with several other high profile ransomware attacks performed by Scattered Spider.” - vx-underground
The initial access vector in the attack on MGM included targeting of a help desk executive with social engineering tactics. Mandiant in its latest report found Scattered Spider aka UNC3944 using the same modus operandi, and although no victim names were stated, it now suggests the possible linkage between them. *Update (June 17 5:45 AM EST): Added details on the 22-year old young cyber scammer's identity and possible links to Scattered Spider group.

Hacktivist Group Launches Alleged Cyberattack on Unifi TV, Targeting Malaysian Internet Infrastructure

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
14 June 2024 at 04:26

Unifi TV cyberattack claims

Hacktivist group 177 Members Team has claimed a cyberattack on Malaysia's leading internet service provider, Unifi TV. The Unifi TV cyberattack was posted on a dark web leak site, highlighting crucial details about the organization with links shared to confirm the intrusion. Unifi TV, a subsidiary of Telekom Malaysia Berhad, offers a range of services including internet access, VoIP, and IPTV. The threat actor claimed this attack on June 12, 2024, and took responsibility for compromising Unifi TV's systems and launching multiple Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against the company.

177 Members Team Claims Unifi TV Cyberattack

[caption id="attachment_77209" align="alignnone" width="525"]Unifi TV cyberattack Source: Dark Web[/caption] The cyberattack on Unifi TV was aimed at disrupting the operation of the organization and highlighted the importance of robust cybersecurity measures in safeguarding critical digital infrastructure. Despite claims by the threat actor that the Unifi TV website was down, the web pages seem to be operational at the moment and don’t show any immediate sign of the cyberattack. The impact of the cyberattack extends beyond Unifi TV, affecting not only the telecommunications industry but also posing a threat to Malaysia's digital ecosystem as a whole. With the country witnessing over 3,000 cyber attacks daily, according to Defence Minister Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin, the cyberattacks on Malaysia highlights the growing nature of ransomware groups and hacktivist collectives targeting the nation. 

Previous Cybersecurity Incidents

While Unifi TV has yet to release an official statement regarding the cyberattack, concerns about data breaches have been previously raised. In July 2023, Telekom Malaysia issued a data breach alert to Unifi users, stating that personal information, including names, identification numbers, and contact details, may have been compromised. The company assured users that measures had been taken to contain the breach and protect customer data. In light of these incidents, cybersecurity experts emphasize the need for proactive measures to mitigate future threats. Collaborative efforts between government agencies, law enforcement, and private sector entities are crucial in addressing online threats that target Asian nations. As for the current Unifi TV cyberattack claims, this is an ongoing story and The Cyber Express will be closely monitoring the situation. We’ll update this post once we have more information on the alleged attack or any official confirmation from the organization.  Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Microsoft in damage-control mode, says it will prioritize security over AI

✇Ars Technica
By: Ashley Belanger
13 June 2024 at 16:38
Brad Smith, vice chairman and president of Microsoft, is sworn in before testifying about Microsoft's cybersecurity work during a House Committee on Homeland Security hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, on June 13, 2024.

Enlarge / Brad Smith, vice chairman and president of Microsoft, is sworn in before testifying about Microsoft's cybersecurity work during a House Committee on Homeland Security hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, on June 13, 2024. (credit: SAUL LOEB / Contributor | AFP)

Microsoft is pivoting its company culture to make security a top priority, President Brad Smith testified to Congress on Thursday, promising that security will be "more important even than the company’s work on artificial intelligence."

Satya Nadella, Microsoft's CEO, "has taken on the responsibility personally to serve as the senior executive with overall accountability for Microsoft’s security," Smith told Congress.

His testimony comes after Microsoft admitted that it could have taken steps to prevent two aggressive nation-state cyberattacks from China and Russia.

Read 30 remaining paragraphs | Comments

Canada’s Largest District School Board Investigates Ransomware Incident

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
13 June 2024 at 16:18

Toronto District School Board Ransomware Canada

The Toronto District School Board is investigating a recent ransomware attack that affected its testing environment. The Toronto board is Canada's largest school board, serving approximately 238,000 students across 600 schools in the city of Toronto. The board stated that it had taken immediate action and launched an investigation upon becoming aware of possible intrusion.

Toronto District School Board's Investigation Underway

The school board stated that the incident had affected its testing environment, which had been used to evaluate new technology and programs before being deployed on systems. The board's cybersecurity team had taken immediate action upon discovering the incident, securing systems and preserving data. The Toronto District School Board had notified details of the incident to the Toronto police and the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario. [caption id="attachment_77136" align="alignnone" width="2800"]Toronto District School Board Ransomware Attack cyberattack 2 Source: www.tdsb.on.ca[/caption] In its letter of notification sent to parents and guardians, the Toronto District School Board stated that it had launched an investigation with the aid of third-party experts to fully assess the nature and scope of the incident. This includes potential compromise of its networks or breach of sensitive personal information. [caption id="attachment_77137" align="alignnone" width="1770"]Toronto District School Board Ransomware Attack cyberattack Source: www.tdsb.on.ca[/caption] The letter added, "If it is determined that any personal information has been impacted, we will provide notice to all affected individuals. We understand that news of a cyber incident is concerning, but please know that we are doing everything possible to learn more about what occurred and address this situation.

Impact Unknown; More Details Expected Soon

Despite the attack, the district school board's systems remained fully operational and functional. While only the school's testing environment had been affected, Humber College cybersecurity expert Francis Syms remained concerned over the incident, as personal information is sometimes used on test environments. He added that test environments are usually not secured by multifactor authentication, potentially making data easier to access. However, he admitted that he was not aware of the testing system being used, as he was not part of the investigation team. The Toronto District School Board did not clarify whether the testing environment or its data contained any personal information. Ryan Bird, a spokesperson from the school district board, disclosed to CityNews Toronto that the full extent of the breach was unknown, or if any personal data had been compromised in the attack, but further details would be revealed by the end of the day. The Cyber Express team has reached out to the Toronto District School Board for further details and investigation results, but no responses have been received as of yet. Toronto's cybersecurity defenders have observed an uptick in cyberattacks in recent years, from both financially-motivated hackers and 'hacktivists' disrupting public systems. Some attacks occur during sensitive times such as elections, global conflicts, or visits by foreign leaders. However, ransomware attacks remain the most common form of attacks. City officials have been working with several agencies to rebuild trust in the safety of public systems and services. Charles Finlay, Toronto resident and executive director at Rogers Cybersecure Catalyst, had earlier stated to the Toronto Star, “I think the city has to be more forthcoming about what it is doing to ensure that those services are secure from cyber-attacks.” The City had witnessed several attacks on its public institutions such a Cl0p ransomware intrusion into the  City of Toronto's computer systems as well as an attack last year on the Toronto Public Library's computer systems. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

CISA Warns of Phone Scammers Impersonating Its Employees

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
13 June 2024 at 12:39

CISA Impersonation Scam

The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has issued an alert about a recent impersonation scam in which scammers posed as its representatives and employees. Fraudsters in the campaign may extort money in various ways, such as bank transfers, gift cards or cryptocurrency payments.

CISA Impersonation Scam

The spammers behind the campaign make phone calls to victims in which they claim to be contacting targets on behalf of CISA; they then ask victims to share personal information or money under the guise of protecting their accounts from unauthorized activity. Fraudsters may also direct victims to download additional software or click on links to "verify" their identity. However, CISA confirmed that it would never make such demands. "CISA staff will never contact you with a request to wire money, cash, cryptocurrency, or use gift cards and will never instruct you to keep the discussion secret," CISA warned. Possible red flags to watch out for:
  • Unsolicited phone calls that claim to be from CISA.
  • Callers requesting personal information, such as passwords, social security numbers, or financial information.
  • Callers demanding payment or transfer of money to "protect" your account.
  • Callers creating a sense of urgency or pressuring you to take immediate action.
If you're targeted by a CISA impersonation scam, here's what you should do:
  • Do not pay the caller.
  • Take record of  the numbers used.
  • Hang up the phone immediately while ignoring further calls from suspicious numbers.
  • Report the scam to CISA by calling (844) SAY-CISA (844-729-2472).

FTC Observes Uptick in Impersonation Scams

The CISA impersonation scam is a recent example of the rise in impersonation fraud targeting both businesses and government agencies. According to the latest data from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the number of such scams has increased dramatically in recent years, and cost consumers more than $1.1 billion in 2023 alone. The FTC report showed that in 2023, the agency received more than 330,000 reports of fraud posing as a business and almost 160,000 reports of fraud posing as a government. Collectively, these incidents account for almost half of all fraud cases reported directly to the FTC. "The financial injury is breath-taking – and cash-taking," the FTC quipped in its Spotlight. It further added, "Reported losses to impersonation scams topped $1.1 billion in 2023, more than three times what consumers reported in 2020." While fraudsters employ various types of scams, the FTC noted that the below types accounted for nearly half of the reported/observed scams in 2023:
  1. Copycat account security alerts: Scams that pretend to impersonate legitimate services such as Amazon while purporting to be about unauthorized activity or charges to their account.
  2. Phony subscription renewals: Usually email notices that alert targets of auto-renew charges to various online services.
  3. Fake giveaways, discounts, or money to claim: Fake rewards or winnings that claim to originate from legitimate providers such as internet providers or large retailers.
  4. Bogus problems with the law: Scammers try to deceive targets into believing that their identity had been used to commit heinous crimes such as money laundering or the smuggling of drugs.
  5. Made-up package delivery problems: Messages that alert you of fake delivery problems with legitimate delivery services such as the U.S. Postal Service, UPS, or FedEx.
To avoid such scams, the FTC has advised consumers to not click on unexpected links or messages, avoid scenarios where gift cards are offered as an option to fix problems, and scrutinize urgent offers and claims. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Daily Blood Sampling in London Hospitals Down from 10,000 to 400 After Synnovis Ransomware Attack

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Mihir Bagwe
13 June 2024 at 11:31

Synnovis ransomware attack, ransomware attack, Synnovis, NHS Blood Testing

In the aftermath of the Synnovis ransomware attack that struck last week, London hospitals continue to struggle to deliver patient care at an optimal level. The attack on the pathology services provider has brought down the daily blood sampling count in major London hospitals from 10,000 to merely 400 per day, according to Synnovis.
“Urgent requests are severely restricted at around 400 a day. Historically primary care and community services have generated around 10,000 samples a day for testing, which gives you an idea of the scale of the impact.” - Synnovis
Services including blood transfusions reportedly remain severely disrupted at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital and King's College Hospital. Both hospitals are experiencing disruption of pathology services, particularly blood tests.

Blood Testing Severely Impacted After Synnovis Ransomware Attack

The biggest challenge that Synnovis is currently facing is that all its automated end-to-end laboratory processes are offline since all IT systems have been locked down in response to the ransomware attack. “This means we are having to log all samples manually when they arrive, select each test manually on analyzers and, once tests have been processed, type in each result on the laboratory’s computer system (the Laboratory Information Management System - LIMS),” Synnovis said. And this is not the end of it. Synnovis then must manually deliver these results to the Trust’s IT system so that the results can be further electronically submitted back to the requester. But since the Synnovis’ LIMS is presently disconnected from the Trusts’ IT systems, “this extensive manual activity takes so much time that it severely limits the number of pathology tests we can process at the moment,” Synnovis explained. The pathology service provider normally processes around 10,000 primary care blood samples a day, but at the moment is managing only up to 400 from across all six boroughs. “Despite the measures we know colleagues are taking to prioritize the most urgent samples, we are receiving many more than we can process and we have an increasing backlog,” Synnovis said. The lab services provider last week was able to process around 3,000 Full Blood Count samples but could not export results due to the lack of IT connectivity. “Of those tests processed, we have phoned through all results that sit outside of critical limits, however, we have been unable to return any results electronically and are unlikely to be able to do so,” Synnovis said. The impact of the Synnovis ransomware attack is also felt on NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), as it appealed to the public earlier this week to urgently donate O blood-type (+ve and -ve) across England. The attack caused significant disruption on the hospitals’ ability to match patients’ blood types, leading to an increased demand for O-positive and O-negative blood donations that are medically considered safe for all patients.

Will Process only 'Clinically Critical' Blood Samples

To manage the inadequacy of the services, the service provider is momentarily only accepting blood samples that the requesting clinician considers to be “clinically critical.” Clinicians need to consider a test as “critical” only if a test result is needed within 24 hours to determine a patient’s urgent treatment or care plan. “As experts, your clinical view of what is considered ‘critical’ will be accepted by the laboratory, but we urge you to apply this definition carefully, given the severe capacity limitations we are facing,” Synnovis recommended. [caption id="attachment_77097" align="aligncenter" width="1024"]Synnovis ransomware attack Source: Synnovis[/caption] The pathology service provider is also working with NHS Trust to install laptops at the hub laboratory, which will give them access to the Trust IT systems to return test results electronically.

Caregivers Working Overtime

Doctors and caregivers at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital and King's College Hospital have been putting in extra hours since the Synnovis ransomware attack disrupted services last week. But this is not enough, as KCH has already cancelled some of its operations and is working only at about 70% capacity. Three of its 17 operating theatres remain shut, BBC reported.

CyberDragon Hacking Group Shuts Down Multiple South Korean Sites for Support, Aid to Ukraine

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Krishna Murthy
13 June 2024 at 05:54

South Korea Cyber Attack

A notorious Chinese hacking group has reportedly gone on a cyber offensive against South Korea and targeted most of the country’s Government and financial sites. The CyberDragon hacking group has a mixture of Chinese and Russian ties and has been critically targeting countries that have been condemning Russia for the ongoing war in Ukraine. South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol had recently confirmed his country's participation in a Ukraine peace summit in Switzerland this weekend to rally support for the country ending its war with Russia. Last year, Seoul had increased its Ukraine Aid package to $394 Million For 2024.

Government, Financial Sites Attacked by CyberDragon Hacking Group

Irked by its support being garnered against Russia, CyberDragon launched an extensive cyberattack on key South Korean sites and criticized the country for its alleged promotion of Russophobia. CyberDragon In its post on darkweb, CyberDragon said, “We are joining the “South Korean Company”. This is a country that has long been promoting Russophobia by supporting the Kyiv regime.” The list of websites reportedly targetted by CyberDragon include: Shinhan Financial Group: It was founded in September 2001 and is one of South Korea's big five financial groups. Its subsidiaries provide a full range of financial services, including banking, securities, life insurance, and investment banking. State Korean Import-Export Bank KEXIM:  The Export-Import Bank of Korea, also commonly known as the Korea Eximbank (KEXIM), is the official export credit agency of South Korea. The bank was first established in 1976. Its primary purpose is to support South Korea's export-led economy by providing loans, financing mega projects and thereby facilitating economic cooperation with other countries. [caption id="attachment_77014" align="alignnone" width="1600"]CyberDragon Hacking Group Home Page of Korea Eximbank[/caption] Korea Customs Service: The Korea Customs Service was established in 1970 and is one of tax organizations in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The headquarters is in Seo District, Daejeon. Korean National Police: The Korean National Police Agency (KNPA), also known as the Korean National Police (KNP), is one of the national police organizations in South Korea. It is run under the Ministry of the Interior and Safety and is headquartered in Seodaemun, Seoul. National Tax Service: It is the tax organization in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Its headquarters is in Sejong City. Like many of the previous attacks carried out by the Cyberdragon hacking group, it is unclear if sensitive data of the organisations listed above was compromised. Prima Facie, it looks like the group carried out a DDoS attack meant to disrupt the platform’s services. None of the organizations have publicly responded to the alleged breach. Most of the organizations too seem to have restored the functioning of its websites, hours after the group claimed to have carried out a cyberattack.

Previous Operations by CyberDragon Hacking Group

The CyberDragon group gained popularity after it took down the website and app for almost 24 hours after a massive data breach in March 2024. CyberDragon had then posted evidence of the attack on its TOR platform but LinkedIn didn’t comment on the attack. The peculiar hacking actor has both Chinese and Russian ties. It carries out cyberattacks with many pro-Russian hackers and most of its statements are posted in Russian. Both China and Russia are global allies and the targets of CyberDragon indicate their ideological and political affiliations. This scenario is, however, not new in the cybercrime world. Organizations around the world must deal with the fallout of cyberattacks by groups like CyberDragon. Their attacks indicate why it is crucial to remain vigilant and implement stringent security measures against cyberattacks.

Grand Traverse County Faces Cyberattack: FBI and State Police Investigate

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
13 June 2024 at 05:52

Grand Traverse County cyberattack

Grand Traverse County, Michigan, finds itself at the center of a cyber crisis as authorities investigate a ransomware attack that has disrupted operations in public offices across the county and the City of Traverse City. The Grand Traverse County cyberattack began when county officials noticed "network irregularities" at 6:06 a.m. on Wednesday, prompting swift action from the IT Department and county leadership.  As a precautionary measure, both county and city offices were taken offline to assess the situation and prevent further damage.

Decoding the Grand Traverse County Cyberattack

Subsequent investigations confirmed the severity of the cyberattack on Grand Traverse County, leading officials to label it as a ransomware attack. Collaboration between Grand Traverse County, Michigan State Police, FBI, and liability providers is underway to comprehend the scope of the attack and plan a strategic response. As of now, there's no confirmation of data transfer, but a thorough investigation is ongoing to safeguard the integrity of the system. While disruptions are inevitable, emergency services such as 911, law enforcement, and fire operations remain operational, ensuring public safety amid the crisis. Nate Alger, Grand Traverse County Administrator, assured the public of swift action, stating, "Our IT Department acted promptly to isolate the incident and shut down affected networks to contain the threat. We're working closely with our partners to minimize disruptions and resolve the situation efficiently."

The Aftermath of the Cyberattack Grand Traverse County 

The impact of the cyberattack on Grand Traverse County extends to in-person customer services at county and city offices, particularly those reliant on network connectivity. Citizens are urged to postpone non-urgent in-person payments at the treasurer's offices, although online payment services remain unaffected and secure. Despite the challenges posed by the attack, the county and city websites remain accessible, hosted on separate servers to ensure uninterrupted public access to essential information and services. While the situation unfolds, authorities are deploying alternative measures and collaborative efforts to mitigate the impact and restore services promptly. Grand Traverse County remains resilient in the face of adversity, prioritizing the safety and well-being of its residents throughout the recovery process. This is an ongoing story and The Cyber Express will be closely monitoring the situation. We’ll update this post once we have more information on the alleged Grand Traverse County cyberattack or any additional information from the county. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

SPIEF 2024 Allegedly Endures Cyberattack by IT Army of Ukraine

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
13 June 2024 at 04:34

SPIEF 2024 Cyberattack

The St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF 2024) was reportedly targeted by a siege from a prolonged cyberattack. The SPIEF 2024 cyberattack, orchestrated by the IT Army of Ukraine, unfolded over a four-day period, commencing on June 5 and culminating on June 8, 2024. This brazen act of digital aggression targeted not only the SPIEF but also its cybersecurity guardian, Solar SC, a state-owned enterprise specializing in safeguarding information assets. The modus operandi of the cyberattack on SPIEF 2024 primarily involved a barrage of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) assaults, with the intensity reaching a staggering 200,000 malicious requests per second. 

IT Army of Ukraine Claims SPIEF 2024 Cyberattack

[caption id="attachment_76981" align="alignnone" width="1000"]SPIEF 2024 Cyberattack Source: Dark Web[/caption] The claim of responsibility was boldly asserted by the IT Army of Ukraine through their Telegram channel. Their message, accompanied by a tone of defiance, boasted of rattling the nerves of their adversaries, even if the anticipated "big bang" did not materialize. Meanwhile, amidst the chaos, there emerged reports of Samara students joining the ranks of cyber vigilantes, highlighting the growing complexity of cybersecurity challenges faced by nations worldwide. The impact of this SPIEF 2024 cyberattack beyond the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum itself, affecting Solar SC and its crucial role in fortifying the forum's digital infrastructure. The ramifications reverberated not only across the Russian Federation but also rippled through Europe and the UK, highlighting the interconnected nature of contemporary cyber warfare.

More Cyberattacks to Counter

In response to inquiries regarding the authenticity of these claims, Solar SC's General Director, Igor Lyapunov, reassured the public that despite the relentless onslaught, the forum's infrastructure remained resilient. The collaborative efforts of cybersecurity experts successfully repelled all attacks, safeguarding the integrity and functionality of SPIEF's digital ecosystem. However, concerns linger as to the broader implications of such cyber incursions, particularly in an era where economic forums serve as pivotal platforms for global cooperation and exchange. The sophistication and audacity demonstrated by threat actors underscore the pressing need for better cybersecurity measures and international collaboration to mitigate future risks. The Cyber Express reached out to SPIEF organizers for further insights into the incident and the authenticity of the IT Army of Ukraine's claims. As of the time of reporting, no official statement has been issued, leaving the allegations surrounding the SPIEF 2024 cyberattack unconfirmed. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Single Click, Big Disruption: Employee Download Triggers Ascension Cyberattack

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
13 June 2024 at 03:58

Ascension Cyberattack

Ascension, a leading healthcare provider, has made significant progress in its investigation and recovery efforts following a recent cyberattack. With the help of third-party cybersecurity experts, Ascension has identified the extent of the Ascension cyberattack and the steps needed to protect affected individuals. Ascension reports that attackers managed to steal files from a few servers within its network. Specifically, seven out of approximately 25,000 servers, primarily used by associates for daily tasks, were compromised. These servers might contain Protected Health Information (PHI) and Personally Identifiable Information (PII) for certain individuals. "We now have evidence that attackers were able to take files from a small number of file servers used by our associates primarily for daily and routine tasks. Though we are still investigating, we believe some of those files may contain PHI and PII for certain individuals, although the specific data may differ from individual to individual," said an Ascension spokesperson.

What Caused Ascension Cyberattack?

The cyberattack on Ascension was traced back to an innocent mistake by an employee who accidentally downloaded a malicious file, mistaking it for a legitimate one. "We have also identified how the attacker gained access to our systems. An individual working in one of our facilities accidentally downloaded a malicious file that they thought was legitimate. We have no reason to believe this was anything but an honest mistake," informed the spokesperson. This incident highlights the importance of continuous cybersecurity training and vigilance among all employees to prevent such occurrences in the future. Ascension has assured its patients and associates that there is no evidence suggesting any data was taken from the Electronic Health Records (EHR) system or other clinical systems where comprehensive patient records are securely stored. This means the most sensitive health information remains uncompromised, providing some relief amidst the ongoing investigation.

Ongoing Review and Protective Measures

Ascension is currently conducting a detailed review and analysis of the potentially impacted files to determine precisely what data was affected and identify the individuals involved. This meticulous process is expected to take considerable time due to the volume and complexity of the data. In the meantime, Ascension is taking proactive steps to protect its patients and associates. The healthcare provider is offering free credit monitoring and identity theft protection services to all patients and associates, regardless of whether their data is eventually found to be compromised. This service is intended to provide immediate peace of mind and mitigate potential risks from the Ascension data breach. Individuals who wish to enroll in these protective services are encouraged to contact Ascension's dedicated call center at 1-888-498-8066.

Commitment to Transparency and Legal Compliance

Ascension remains committed to transparency throughout this investigation. While specific details regarding whether an individual's data was affected cannot be provided, Ascension pledges to follow all applicable laws and regulations related to data breach notifications. "We encourage all Ascension patients and staff who are concerned to take advantage of these services. We want to be clear that this offer does not mean we have determined that any specific individual patient’s data has been compromised. Rather, it illustrates our desire to do everything possible to reassure our patients and associates, regardless of any impact to specific individuals’ data," the spokesperson explained. "Once our data analysis is complete, we are committed to following all applicable laws and regulations to notify affected individuals and the appropriate regulatory bodies. To our patients, associates, and the communities we serve, we regret any disruption or concern you may have experienced as a result of this incident," the spokesperson added.

Background and Impact of Cyberattack on Ascension

On May 10, The Cyber Express reported that Ascension faced disruptions in clinical operations due to a cyberattack that prompted the organization to take some of its systems offline. Operating in 19 states and the District of Columbia, Ascension oversees 140 hospitals and 40 senior care facilities. It also boasts a significant workforce of 8,500 providers, 35,000 affiliated providers, and 134,000 associates. In 2023, Ascension’s total revenue amounted to $28.3 billion. Given its substantial revenue and widespread operations, the impact of this cyberattack was significant. The organization detected unusual activity on select technology network systems, prompting an immediate response, investigation initiation, and activation of remediation efforts. Due to the cyberattack, Ascension advised its business partners to temporarily sever connections to its systems as a precautionary measure and stated it would notify partners when it is safe to reconnect. The cyberattack on Ascension disrupted clinical operations, prompting an investigation into the extent and duration of the disruption.

City of Moreton Bay Investigates Data Breach After Resident Discovered Leak of Private Information

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
12 June 2024 at 10:31

City of Moreton Bay council data breach ratepayers

A resident of Moreton Bay, Australia was shocked to discover that the private information of several resident ratepayers in the region, including their friends and neighbors, had been accidentally published on the Moreton Bay council's official website. The leaked information included names, residential addresses, email addresses, and phone numbers, as well as resident complaints to the council and details about council investigations.

Data Breach Discovered By Local Resident

City of Moreton Bay resident Piper Lalonde, who works as a data analyst, had discovered the breach along with her husband. They were shocked to learn that their personal information was freely available on the council's customer request online portal. The couple had discovered that the information included their phone numbers,  complaints, and requests that they had made for new bins, along with the GPS coordinates of where the requests had been filed. A further investigation into the breach had revealed that the personal information of some of their friends and neighbors who were fellow ratepayers were also available in the records after they conducted a search. Piper reported this information to the council, with the website being taken down the next day. However, she was still unsatisfied with the lack of notification about the incident to impacted residents. Piper stated, "I would expect they'd have to send out some formal communication letting people know their information was publicly accessible, but there was no indication they were going to do that." She expressed concern about the possibility of people stumbling upon complaints made about them by other residents. She added, "If this gets in the wrong hands — it just takes one person to see a complaint about them, and who knows what they'll do."

City of Moreton Bay Responses to Data Breach

After Piper's report, the website was said to be taken down. The site appears to be functional as of now, with some functions still limited. The website includes an official notice in response to the incident. [caption id="attachment_76878" align="alignnone" width="2204"]City of Moreton Bay Council Data Breach Source: moretonbay.qld.gov.au[/caption]
We are experiencing system difficulties with our customer request portal. Our third-party provider is investigating a possible information breach. The cause is yet to be determined but there is no indication this is a cyber attack. We will never contact you via unsolicited calls to request sensitive information. No action is required from you at this stage. We will continue to keep you informed.
The notice appears to indicate that the breach stemmed from a third-party provider. The Cyber Express team has reached out to the Moreton Bay Council's Privacy Officer for further information on the breach, however no response has been received as of publication time. The potential scale of the data breach, as well as its impact on residents, is currently unknown. It is also unclear on how many individuals may have accessed the available data before the website had been temporarily taken down and subsequently limited. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Hack Alert: SN Blackmeta Claims Cyberattack on Snapchat Over Explicit Content and Alleged Political Bias!

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
12 June 2024 at 05:15

Snapchat cyberattack

The notorious hacker group SN Blackmeta has allegedly claimed responsibility for a cyberattack on Snapchat's infrastructure. The Snapchat cyberattack has reportedly led to disruptions in service in specific regions and the disabling of login and account creation features within the app.  In a post attributed to SN Blackmeta, the threat actor outlined their motives for the cyberattack on Snapchat, citing reasons such as their opposition to the content promoted by the social media platform, which they claim includes pornography and undermines moral values.  Additionally, the group accuses the application of supporting Israel while opposing efforts in support of Palestine. These grievances, according to SN Blackmeta, prompted them to target Snapchat as a means to "test their strength."

Decoding the Snapchat Cyberattack by SN Blackmeta 

[caption id="attachment_76796" align="alignnone" width="379"]Snapchat Cyberattack claims Source: X[/caption] The claimed Snapchat cyberattack has allegedly resulted in service disruptions in certain countries and the temporary incapacitation of key features within the Snapchat application. Despite SN Blackmeta's claims, Snapchat has not yet released an official statement about the incident, leaving the details of the cyberattack unconfirmed. The Cyber Express has reached out to the company, and we are currently awaiting their response.  [caption id="attachment_76798" align="alignnone" width="372"]Snapchat cyberattack on dark web Source: X[/caption] Interestingly, this isn't the first time SN Blackmeta has made headlines for their cyber activities. In the past few days alone, the group has launched attacks on various targets, including the Social Security Administration (SSA) website and Microsoft's OneDrive. These attacks aim to disrupt services and hinder user access, demonstrating the group's proficiency in executing cyber warfare. The recent surge in cyberattacks by SN Blackmeta comes amidst a backdrop of escalating tensions in the digital world. Other hacktivist groups have also been active, targeting prominent organizations and government entities with coordinated attacks.

Previous Cybersecurity Challenges

The current Snapchat cyberattack is not the first time that the Snap INC-owned platform has faced cybersecurity challenges. The most recent controversy with Snapchat was reported by Vice in May 2019 wherein researchers discovered that Snapchat employees were misusing their access privileges to spy on users. This breach of trust raised concerns about user privacy and data security within the platform. Between January 2014 and February 2018, Snapchat faced a series of cybersecurity challenges. In July 2017, a phishing attack compromised over 55,000 accounts by luring users to a fake login page. The attackers then published stolen credentials, granting unauthorized access.  In February 2016, a phishing scam targeted Snapchat employees, resulting in the disclosure of payroll information. The October 2014 incident involved a third-party app hack, leaking 200,000 explicit images. Though Snapchat denied system compromise, blame was placed on the app providers.  In January 2014, a security vulnerability led to the exposure of 4.6 million user details, despite Snapchat's claim of addressing the issue promptly. As for the current Snapchat cyberattack claim, this is an ongoing story and The Cyber Express will be closely monitoring the situation. We’ll update this post once we have more information on the alleged cyberattack on the social media platform or any official confirmation from Snap INC.  Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Pure Storage Confirms Data Breach in Snowflake Workspace

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
12 June 2024 at 04:48

Pure Storage Data Breach

Pure Storage, a provider of cloud storage systems and services, has confirmed and addressed a security incident involving unauthorized access to one of its Snowflake data analytics workspaces. This workspace contained telemetry information used by Pure Storage to provide proactive customer support services. The Pure Storage data breach involved a third party temporarily gaining access to the workspace, which housed data such as company names, LDAP usernames, email addresses, and the Purity software release version number. Importantly, no sensitive information like credentials for array access or any other data stored on customer systems was compromised. "Such information is never and can never be communicated outside of the array itself, and is not part of any telemetry information. Telemetry information cannot be used to gain unauthorized access to customer systems," stated Pure Storage in an official statement.

Pure Storage Data Breach: Investigation Ongoing

Upon knowing about the cybersecurity incident, Pure Storage took immediate action to block any further unauthorized access to the workspace. The company emphasized that no unusual activity has been detected on other elements of its infrastructure. “We see no evidence of unusual activity on other elements of the Pure infrastructure. Pure is monitoring our customers’ systems and has not found any unusual activity. We are currently in contact with customers who similarly have not detected unusual activity targeting their Pure systems,” reads the official statement. Preliminary findings from a cybersecurity firm engaged by Pure Storage support the company's conclusions about the nature of the exposed information. Pure Storage simplifies data storage with a cloud experience that empowers organizations to maximize their data while reducing the complexity and cost of managing the infrastructure behind it. Thousands of customers, including high-profile companies like Meta, Ford, JP Morgan, NASA, NTT, AutoNation, Equinix, and Comcast, use Pure Storage's data storage platform.

Context of Recent Snowflake Cybersecurity Incidents

Before the Pure Storage data breach, Advance Auto Parts, Inc., a significant provider of automobile aftermarket components, allegedly suffered a massive data breach. A threat actor known as “Sp1d3r” claimed responsibility, alleging the theft of three terabytes of data from the company’s Snowflake cloud storage, which is reportedly being sold for $1.5 million. Live Nation, the parent company of Ticketmaster, also confirmed "unauthorized activity" on its database hosted by Snowflake, a Boston-based cloud storage and analytics company. In a joint advisory with Mandiant and CrowdStrike, Snowflake revealed that attackers used stolen customer credentials to target accounts lacking multi-factor authentication protection. Mandiant linked these attacks to a financially motivated threat actor tracked as UNC5537 since May 2024. This malicious actor gains access to Snowflake customer accounts using credentials stolen in historical infostealer malware infections dating back to 2020. These cyberattacks have targeted hundreds of organizations worldwide, extorting victims for financial gain. So far, the cybersecurity firm has identified hundreds of customer Snowflake credentials exposed in Vidar, RisePro, Redline, Racoon Stealer, Lumm, and Metastealer malware attacks. Snowflake and Mandiant have notified around 165 organizations potentially exposed to these ongoing cyberattacks.

City of Wichita Recovers from Cyberattack: Water Services Back Online, More Progress Expected

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
12 June 2024 at 03:06

City of Wichita Cyberattack

The City of Wichita has made significant progress in recovering from a cyberattack that disrupted many city services early last month. More than a month later, the City of Wichita cyberattack update has come up stating that most public-facing systems are back online, although some services are still being restored. The city reports that water metering, billing, and payment processing systems are gradually coming back online.

City of Wichita Cyberattack Update

Water Services Restored Customers can expect to receive updated statements this week. Auto-payments have resumed normal operations, and customers now have full access to their utility accounts online. Bills can be paid by credit card, cash, check, and money order at City Hall, online at City's payment portal, by calling (316) 265-1300, or through the mail. Due to the cyberattack on City of Wichita, some June bills may cover more than 60 days of service. Customers needing help with these bills are encouraged to contact a representative at (316) 265-1300 to arrange a payment plan. Library Services Update The Wichita Public Library has also seen progress, though some services remain affected. Public Wi-Fi is available at all locations, and patrons can access Libby for eBooks, audiobooks, and digital magazines. Additionally, materials can be checked in and out manually. However, hold requests and renewals, customer account information, the online catalog, the automated materials handler at the Advanced Learning Library, and online databases like Kanopy and LinkedIn Learning are still unavailable. Airport and Court Systems At the Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport, public flight and gate display information is not yet available online but is expected to be restored soon. The Municipal Court has made strides in recovery, with most systems operational. The public search of warrants is anticipated to be online by Monday, June 10. The City’s Information Technology team is working to fix the remaining system outages. The city appreciates residents' patience as there may be occasional service interruptions during ongoing recovery efforts.

What Happened During the City of Wichita Cyberattack

The Cyber Express reported that the cyberattack occurred on May 5, leading to the shutdown of several online city services, including water bill payments, some city-building Wi-Fi, and electronic payments. LockBit, a known ransomware group, claimed responsibility for the cyberattack. This followed an earlier notification from the City of Wichita regarding a ransomware incident, although the responsible group was not initially disclosed. The ransomware attack has shown the vulnerabilities in the city's IT systems and the importance of strong cybersecurity measures. Despite the challenges, the city has worked hard to restore essential services to its residents. The City of Wichita urges residents to stay informed through official updates and to reach out to the provided contact points for help. The city remains committed to being transparent and providing the necessary support to its residents during this recovery period.

South Korean Researchers Observe Remcos RAT Distributed Through Fake Shipping Lures

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
11 June 2024 at 16:15

Remcos RAT Shipping

Researchers have discovered a new phishing campaign in which threat actors distribute the Remcos RAT malware within UUEncoding (UUE) file attachments in emails purporting to be about importing or exporting shipments. The UUEncoding (UUE) file attachments are compressed with Power Archiver, a proprietary and cross-platform archive utility that supports both Windows and MacOS.

Use of UUEncoding (UUE) Files to Distribute Remcos RAT Malware

Researchers from AhnLab discovered that the threat actors behind the campaign, use UUEncoding files with a .UUE extension, which are designed to encode binary data in plain text format. These file formats are suitable for attachment in e-mail or Usenet messages. The malicious .UUE files encode a VBS script attached in phishing emails. The threat actors seem to have leveraged the file format and encoding technique as an attempt to bypass detection. [caption id="attachment_76665" align="alignnone" width="1024"]AhnLab Remcos RAT UUEncoding (UUE) .UUE Source: asec.ahnlab.com[/caption] When decoded, the VBS script is obfuscated, making it difficult for researchers to analyze. The script saves a PowerShell script into the %Temp% directory and executes it. The running script then downloads the Haartoppens.Eft file, which executes an additional PowerShell script. This script is also obfuscated and is designed to load a shellcode to the wab.exe process. [caption id="attachment_76666" align="alignnone" width="638"] Source: asec.ahnlab.com[/caption] The shellcode maintains its persistence by adding a registry key to the infected system, and then accesses a remote C&C server to load additional instructions. The instructions ultimately download the Remcos RAT malware for execution on infected systems.

Remcos RAT malware

The Remcos RAT collects system information from infected systems and stores keylogging data in the %AppData% directory. The malware then sends this data to the remote command-and-control (C&C) server, which is hosted through a DuckDNS domain. [caption id="attachment_76667" align="alignnone" width="894"]AhnLab Remcos RAT UUEncoding (UUE) .UUE 3 Source: asec.ahnlab.com[/caption] Remcos is a commercial remote access tool (RAT) that is advertised as a legitimate tool, but has been observed in numerous threat actor campaigns. Successful loading of Remcos opens a backdoor on targeted systems, allowing for complete control. The researchers have shared the following indicators to help detect and stop this campaign: IOCs (Indicators of Compromise)
  • b066e5f4a0f2809924becfffa62ddd3b (Invoice_order_new.uue)
  • 7e6ca4b3c4d1158f5e92f55fa9742601 (Invoice_order_new.vbs)
  • fd14369743f0ccd3feaacca94d29a2b1 (Talehmmedes.txt)
  • eaec85388bfaa2cffbfeae5a497124f0 (mtzDpHLetMLypaaA173.bin)
File Detection
  • Downloader/VBS.Agent (2024.05.17.01)
  • Data/BIN.Encoded (2024.05.24.00)
C&C (Command & Control) Servers
  • frabyst44habvous1.duckdns[.]org:2980:0
  • frabyst44habvous1.duckdns[.]org:2981:1
  • frabyst44habvous2.duckdns[.]org:2980:0
The researchers also shared the following general recommendations to avoid similar phishing campaigns:
  • Refrain from accessing emails from unknown sources.
  • Refrain from running or enabling macro commands when accessing downloaded attachment files. Users can set programs to highest levels of security, as lower levels may automatically execute macro commands without displaying any notification.
  •  Update anti-malware engines to their latest versions.
The UUE file format has previously been used in several malicious campaigns due to its ability to easily evade detection from security tools, with a researcher previously discovering a UUEncode vulnerability in the main Python program. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Cleveland Closes City Hall After Unspecified Cyberattack

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Paul Shread
11 June 2024 at 15:35

Cleveland Closes City Hall After Unspecified Cyberattack

The City of Cleveland, Ohio, has been hit by a cyberattack that has closed City Hall and other offices, but the city says essential services remain operational. The city hasn’t revealed the nature of the incident, but the Cleveland cyberattack is one of the highest-profile ones to date affecting a major U.S. municipality. In a recent update on X, the city said it is “still investigating the nature and scope of the incident. The City is collaborating with several key partners who provide expert knowledge and deep experience in this work.”

Cleveland Essential Services Functioning

City Hall and offices at Erieview Plaza are closed to the public and non-essential employees, but the city sought to reassure residents that key services and data remain safe. Emergency services, such as 911, Police, Fire, and EMS are operational, along with other essential services such as water, pollution control, power services, ports and airports. The update said that “certain City data is confirmed to be unaffected, including: - Taxpayer information held by the CCA. - Customer information held by Public Utilities.” That still leaves other data sources that could be affected, however, such as city employees’ personal data. In its initial announcement on X, the city said, “We have shut down affected systems to secure and restore services. Emergency services and utilities are not affected. Updates will be provided as available.” The city hasn’t said whether the incident is ransomware or another cyber attack type, but that will presumably be revealed in later updates. Cleveland itself is home to 362,000 residents, while the surrounding metropolitan area has a population of more than 2 million.

Cleveland Cyberattack Follows Wichita Ransomware; Healthcare Network Hit

Cleveland isn’t the biggest U.S. city to be hobbled by a cyber attack, as at least a few bigger cities have been hit by cyber incidents. The 394,000-resident city of Wichita, Kansas was hit by a ransomware attack last month in an attack linked to the LockBit ransomware group, but Baltimore was perhaps the biggest U.S. city hit by a cyberattack in a crippling 2019 incident that closely followed an Atlanta cyberattack. All of that pales in comparison to the U.S. government, which got hit by more than 32,000 cybersecurity incidents in fiscal 2023, up 10% from fiscal 2022, according to a new White House report on federal cybersecurity readiness. Threat actors seemingly have no end of targets, as a healthcare network in Texas, Arkansas and Florida is also reporting recent cyber troubles that the BlackSuit ransomware group is claiming responsibility for. The Special Health Resources network posted a notice on its website (copied below) that states, “We are currently experiencing a network incident that has caused a temporary disruption to our phones and computer systems. During this time, we are STILL OPEN and ready to serve our patients and community!” [caption id="attachment_76662" align="alignnone" width="750"]Special Health Resources website notice Special Health Resources website notice[/caption] If Special Health’s troubles are linked to a cyberattack, they seem to have fared better than the damage sustained by NHS London recently, as cyber attackers seemingly have abandoned long-standing pledges to avoid attacking healthcare systems.

Switzerland Walks Tightrope as Cyberattacks, Disinformation Threaten Peace Summit

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
11 June 2024 at 05:10

Switzerland

Switzerland has seen a notable increase in cyberattacks and disinformation campaigns as it prepares to host a crucial summit aimed at creating a pathway for peace in Ukraine. On Monday, the government reported these developments in a press conference, highlighting the challenges of convening a high-stakes international dialogue amidst rising digital threats. The summit, Summit on Peace in Ukraine is scheduled at a resort near Lucerne from June 15-16, and will gather representatives from 90 states and organizations. About half of the participants come from South America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Notably, absent from the attendee list is Russia which was not invited due to its lack of interest in participating. However, the Swiss government emphasized that the summit’s goal is to "jointly define a roadmap" to eventually include both Russia and Ukraine in a future peace process. Swiss President Viola Amherd addressed the media, acknowledging the uptick in cyberattacks and disinformation efforts leading up to the event. These cyberattacks have targeted various facets of the summit, including personal attacks on President Amherd herself, particularly in Russian media outlets publicized within Switzerland. "We haven't summoned the ambassador," Amherd stated in response to these attacks. "That's how I wanted it because the disinformation campaign is so extreme that one can see that little of it reflects reality."

Switzerland Disruption Efforts and Cybersecurity

Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis also spoke at the press conference, noting a clear "interest" in disrupting the talks. However, he refrained from directly accusing any particular entity, including Russia, when questioned about the source of the cyberattacks. This restraint highlights the delicate diplomatic balancing act Switzerland is attempting as host. Switzerland agreed to host the summit at the behest of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and has been actively seeking support from countries with more neutral or favorable relations with Moscow compared to leading Western powers. This strategic outreach aims to broaden the coalition backing the peace efforts and mitigate the polarized dynamics that have characterized the conflict thus far.

Agenda and Key Issues

The summit will address several critical areas of international concern, including nuclear and food security, freedom of navigation, and humanitarian issues such as prisoner of war exchanges. These topics are integral to the broader context of the Ukraine conflict and resonate with the international community's strategic and humanitarian interests. Turkey and India are confirmed participants, though their representation level remains unspecified. There is still uncertainty regarding the participation of Brazil and South Africa. Switzerland noted that roughly half of the participating countries would be represented by heads of state or government, highlighting the summit's high profile and potential impact. The summit aims to conclude with a final declaration, which ideally would receive unanimous backing. This declaration is expected to outline the next steps in the peace process. When asked about potential successors to Switzerland in leading the next phase, Foreign Minister Cassis indicated ongoing efforts to engage regions beyond the Western sphere, particularly the Global South and Arabian countries. Such inclusion could foster a more comprehensive and globally supported peace initiative.

To Wrap Up

The summit represents a significant diplomatic effort to address the Ukraine conflict. However, the surge in cyberattacks on Switzerland and disinformation campaigns, highlights the complexities of such high-stakes international dialogue. In March 2024, Switzerland’s district court in the German-speaking district of March, home to around 45,000 residents, fell victim to a cyberattack. While details are scarce, the court’s website suggests it could potentially be a ransomware attack. As Switzerland navigates these challenges, the outcomes of this summit could set important precedents for future peace efforts and international cooperation.

Central Securities Corporation Faces Cyberattack Claims By Underground Team Ransomware Group

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
11 June 2024 at 04:09

Central Securities Corporation cyberattack

The Underground Team ransomware group has allegedly claimed a cyberattack on Central Securities Corporation, asserting access to a staggering 42.8 GB of sensitive data compromised, spanning decades of company history and containing a trove of confidential information. The scope of the Central Securities Corporation cyberattack is staggering, reportedly encompassing a range of data from historical reports to personal correspondence and even passports of employees and their relatives. Such a comprehensive breach not only threatens the integrity of Central Securities Corporation but also poses a significant risk to the privacy and security of its employees and stakeholders.

Underground Team Ransomware Claims Central Securities Corporation Cyberattack

[caption id="attachment_76481" align="alignnone" width="1319"]Central Securities Corporation cyberattack Source: Dark Web[/caption] The aftermath of the Central Securities Corporation cyberattack is evident as the company's website remains inaccessible, leaving concerned parties in the dark about the extent of the damage and the company's response. Efforts to reach out to Central Securities Corporation have been impeded by the website's downtime, exacerbating the sense of urgency surrounding the situation. The cybercriminals behind the Central Securities Corporation cyberattack have brazenly demanded nearly $3 million in ransom, further compounding the company's woes. This incident highlights the ransomware strain like the Underground Team leverages novel approaches to extort money and exploit sensitive data.

Researchers Highlight Underground Team Ransomware Group

Security experts from Cyble have previously warned of the growing prevalence of targeted attacks, where hackers tailor their strategies to infiltrate specific targets with devastating consequences. The emergence of new ransomware variants highlights the constant battle organizations face in safeguarding their digital assets against evolving threats. One such variant, the Underground Team ransomware, has caught the attention of researchers for its unique ransom note and sophisticated techniques. Offering more than just decryption services, the ransom note promises insights into network vulnerabilities and data recovery assistance, signaling a new level of sophistication in ransomware operations. Technical analysis of the ransomware reveals intricate mechanisms employed to identify and encrypt system files, demonstrating the attackers' proficiency in exploiting vulnerabilities. By selectively targeting files and directories while bypassing certain extensions and folders, the ransomware achieves its malicious objectives with alarming efficiency. As for the cyberattack on Central Securities Corporation, this is an ongoing story and The Cyber Express will be closely monitoring the situation. We’ll update this post once we have more information on the alleged Central Securities Corporation cyberattack or any official confirmation from the organization.  Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Ascension Makes Progress in Restoring Systems After Cyberattack, Patients to See Improved Wait Times

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
11 June 2024 at 02:54

Ascension Via Christi

A month after a cyberattack on Ascension, one of the largest nonprofit healthcare systems in the United States, continues to work expeditiously with industry cybersecurity experts to safely restore systems across its network. Ascension Via Christi has announced an update regarding the Ascension cyberattack that it expects to improve efficiencies and reduce wait times for patients. "Please know our hospitals and facilities remain open and are providing patient care. Ascension continues to make progress in our efforts to safely restore systems across our network. Restoring our Electronic Health Record (EHR) system remains a top priority," stated an official Ascension announcement.

Ascension cyberattack: What All Have Restored?

According to the latest update on the Ascension cyberattack, officials have successfully restored EHR access in Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Maryland, Central Texas (Ascension Seton and Dell Children's hospitals), and Oklahoma markets. Ascension Via Christi further informed that its hospitals, including St. Francis and St. Joseph hospitals, and Ascension Medical Group clinics in Wichita, have restored the primary technology used for electronic patient documentation in care settings. "This will allow most hospital departments, physician offices, and clinics to use electronic documentation and charting. Patients should see improved efficiencies and shorter wait times. Our team continues to work tirelessly to restore other ancillary technology systems," Ascension Via Christi explained on its website, providing cybersecurity updates for its Kansas facilities. [caption id="attachment_76455" align="aligncenter" width="1024"]Ascension cyberattack Source: Ascension Via Christi Website[/caption] The update for Ascension Via Christi St. Francis followed a national update from Ascension, which reported continued progress in restoring systems across its network. The company aims to have systems fully restored across its ministry by Friday, June 14.

Ascension cyberattack: What Happened?

On May 10, The Cyber Express reported that Ascension faced disruptions in clinical operations due to a cyberattack that prompted the organization to take some of its systems offline. Operating in 19 states and the District of Columbia, Ascension oversees 140 hospitals and 40 senior care facilities. It also boasts a significant workforce of 8,500 providers, 35,000 affiliated providers, and 134,000 associates. In 2023, Ascension’s total revenue amounted to $28.3 billion. Given its substantial revenue and widespread operations, the impact of this cyberattack was significant. The organization detected unusual activity on select technology network systems, prompting an immediate response, investigation initiation, and activation of remediation efforts. Consequently, access to certain systems has been interrupted during the ongoing investigation process. Due to the massive cyberattack, Ascension advised its business partners to temporarily sever connections to its systems as a precautionary measure and stated it would notify partners when it is safe to reconnect. The cyberattack on Ascension disrupted clinical operations, prompting an investigation into the extent and duration of the disruption.

Cyberattack on ControlNET: INC Ransom Group Claims Breach of Building Technology Provider

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
11 June 2024 at 02:20

ControlNET cyberattack

INC Ransom group has targeted the building technology solutions provider, ControlNET LLC. The ControlNET cyberattack on June 10, 2024, allegedly targeted the supply chain factor of the organization and also asserted intrusion on Rockford Public Schools. ControlNET, renowned for its expertise in HVAC, lighting, video surveillance, access control, and power solutions, is now facing an alleged attack by a hacker group. In its post, the group not only infiltrated ControlNET's systems but also exposed sensitive information, including invoice details, building floor plans, email communications, and sample folders of ControlNET and their clientele.

Understanding the ControlNET Cyberattack

The ramifications of this breach extend beyond ControlNET with operations disrupted and data compromised for the organization. However, the claims for this cyberattack on ControlNET have not been verified. The hacker group’s post on the dark web shed light on their motives, citing ControlNET's alleged negligence in safeguarding customer data.  [caption id="attachment_76431" align="alignnone" width="1357"]ControlNET Cyberattack Source: Dark Web[/caption] “This company has taken very poor care of the data entrusted to them by its customers. In the course of a successful attack, we stole a huge amount of data. We also attacked the clients of this company ROCKFORD SCHOOL. Which we have access to thanks to CONTROL NET”, reads the threat actor post.  The leaked information highlights the urgent need for enhanced cybersecurity measures, particularly in industries like construction and education, where sensitive data is at stake.

Who is the INC Ransom Hacker Group?

The Cyber Express has reached out to the organization to learn more about this ControlNET cyberattack and the authenticity of the claims made by the threat actor. However, at the time of writing this, no official statement or response has been received, leaving the claims for the cyberattack on ControlNET unverified.  Moreover, the company's website appears to be operational, suggesting that the attack may have targeted the backend infrastructure rather than the front-end interface. The threat actor in this attack, INC Ransom, is a ransomware group that emerged in August 2023, employing double and triple extortion tactics on victims, leaking data on their blog. Victims, mainly from Western countries, face threats and coercion during negotiations, with evidence packs published to pressure payment. The group's leaked blog includes light and dark UI options, a feedback box, and a Twitter link. While similar to LockBit 3.0's blog, INC Ransom does not charge for leaked data. Victims, spanning private sector businesses, a government organization, and a charity association, hail mostly from the United States and Europe, emphasizing the widespread impact of this cyber threat. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Microsoft and Google Announce Plans to Help Rural U.S. Hospitals Defend Against Cyberattacks

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
10 June 2024 at 16:55

Microsoft Google Aid Rural Hospitals

Microsoft and Google have announced plans to offer free or highly discounted cybersecurity services to rural hospitals across the United States. These initiatives come as the U.S. healthcare sector faces a surge in ransomware attacks that more than doubled last year, posing a serious threat to patient care and hospital operations. The program - developed in collaboration with the White House, the American Hospital Association, and the National Rural Health Association - aims to make rural hospitals less defenseless by providing them with free security updates, security assessments, and training for hospital staff.

Microsoft and Google Cybersecurity Plans for Rural Hospitals

Microsoft has launched a full-fledged cybersecurity program to meet the needs of rural hospitals, which are often more vulnerable to cyberattacks due to more limited IT security resources, staff and training than their urban peers. The program will deliver free and low-cost technology services, including:
  • Nonprofit pricing and discounts of up to 75% on Microsoft's security products for independent Critical Access Hospitals and Rural Emergency Hospitals.
  • Larger rural hospitals already equipped with eligible Microsoft solutions will receive free advanced security suites for free.
  • Free Windows 10 security updates for participating rural hospitals for at least one year.
  • Cybersecurity assessments and training are being made free to hospital employees to help them better manage system security.
Justin Spelhaug, corporate vice president of Microsoft Philanthropies, said in a statement, “Healthcare should be available no matter where you call home, and the rise in cyberattacks threatens the viability of rural hospitals and impact communities across the U.S. “Microsoft is committed to delivering vital technology security and support at a time when these rural hospitals need them most.” Anne Neuberger, Deputy National Security Advisor for Cyber and Emerging Technologies, said in a statement:
“Cyber-attacks against the U.S. healthcare systems rose 130% in 2023, forcing hospitals to cancel procedures and impacting Americans’ access to critical care. Rural hospitals are particularly hard hit as they are often the sole source of care for the communities they serve and lack trained cyber staff and modern cyber defenses. President Biden is committed to every American having access to the care they need, and effective cybersecurity is a part of that. So, we’re excited to work with Microsoft to launch cybersecurity programs that will provide training, advice and technology to help America’s rural hospitals be safe online.”
Alongside Microsoft's efforts, Google also announced that it will provide free cybersecurity advice to rural hospitals and non-profit organizations while also launching a pilot program to match its cybersecurity services with the specific needs of rural healthcare facilities.

Plans Are Part of Broader National Effort

Rural hospitals remain one of the most common targets for cyberattacks, according to data from the National Rural Health Association. Rural hospitals in the U.S. serve over 60 million people living in rural areas, who sometimes have to travel considerable distance for care even without the inconvenience of a cyberattack. Neuberger stated, “We’re in new territory as we see ... this wave of attacks against hospitals.” Rick Pollack, president of the American Hospital Association, said, “Rural hospitals are often the primary source of healthcare in their communities, so keeping them open and safe from cyberattacks is critical. We appreciate Microsoft stepping forward to offer its expertise and resources to help secure part of America’s healthcare safety net.” The plans are a part of a broader effort by the United States government to direct private partners and tech giants such as Microsoft and Google to use their expertise to plug significant gaps in the defense of the healthcare sector. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

NHS Makes Urgent Request for Blood Donations After Ransomware Attack Interrupts Blood Transfusions

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
10 June 2024 at 12:04

NHS Blood Donations

NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) is urgently appealing for O blood-type donors across England after a ransomware attack affected several major London hospitals. The cyberattack caused significant disruption on the hospitals' ability to match patients' blood types, leading to an increased demand for O-positive and O-negative blood donations, which are safe for all patients. The public health institution is asking donors of these blood types to book appointments at any of the 25 NHS blood donor centers in England in order to boost limited stocks and ensure the availability of essential blood supplies to patients.

NHS Blood and Transplant's Urgent Appeal for Blood Donations

The recent cyberattack on the pathology firm Synnovis, believed to have been orchestrated by the Russian cybercriminal group Qilin, caused significant disruption to several London hospitals. As a result, affected hospitals have been unable to match patients' blood at the usual rates, leading to the declaration of a critical incident and the cancellation of scheduled blood transfusions. Gail Miflin, chief medical officer at NHS Blood and Transplant, emphasized the importance of O blood-type donations during this critical time. She called on existing O blood donors to book urgent appointments and encouraged potential new donors to find out their blood type and contribute to solving the shortage. During NHS National Blood Week, it was revealed that hospitals require three blood donations every minute. With around 13,000 appointments available nationwide this week, and 3,400 specifically in London, there are many opportunity for donors to come forward and contribute to blood availability. Stephen Powis, the medical director for NHS England, praised the resilience of NHS staff amid the cyberattack and urged eligible donors to come forward to one of the 13,000 available appointments in NHS blood donor centers across the country. To learn more and find details on how to donate, interested individuals are encouraged to search 'GiveBlood' online and on social media or visit Blood.co.uk. [caption id="attachment_76310" align="alignnone" width="2562"]NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) Ransomware Blood Donations Source: www.blood.co.uk[/caption]

Impact of the Cyberattack on London Hospitals

Several prominent London hospitals, including the King's College Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas', the Royal Brompton, and the Evelina London Children's Hospital, declared a critical incident following the cyberattack on the pathology firm Synnovis, which provides blood-testing facilities to these hospitals and several others in southeast London. The attack forced hospital staff to cancel health procedures such as cancer surgeries and transplants due to the unavailability of blood transfusion services after facing severe disruption. In a statement on its official website, an NHS London spokesperson stressed the importance of pathology services to health treatment procedures:
“NHS staff are working around the clock to minimise the significant disruption to patient care following the ransomware cyber-attack and we are sorry to all those who have been impacted. Pathology services are integral to a wide range of treatments and we know that a number of operations and appointments have been cancelled due to this attack. We are still working with hospitals and local GP services to fully assess the disruption, and ensure the data is accurate. In the meantime our advice to patients remains, if you have not been contacted please do continue to attend your appointments.”
A senior NHS manager disclosed to the Health Service Journal (HSJ) that the incident was “everyone’s worst nightmare.” As blood has a limited shelf life of 35 days, it is critical that these hospital stocks are continually replenished. More units of O-negative and O-positive blood will be required over the coming weeks to accommodate an anticipated increase in surgeries and procedures due to earlier delays. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Alleged RCE Vulnerability Threatens Subdomains of Italian Ministry of Defence

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
10 June 2024 at 04:53

RCE vulnerability

A threat actor known as spr1ngtr4p has purportedly advertised a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting a subdomain of Italy's Ministry of Defence website. This RCE vulnerability was posted on June 7, 2024, on a Russian-language cybercrime forum called XSS and sheds light on the malicious intent of the threat actor.  RCE vulnerabilities, such as the one claimed by spr1ngtr4p, pose significant risks as they allow malicious actors to execute code remotely on targeted systems. The implications of such an exploit can be severe, ranging from the deployment of malware to the complete compromise of affected machines.

The RCE Vulnerability and Possible Cyberattack on the Italian Ministry of Defence

[caption id="attachment_76184" align="alignnone" width="1240"]RCE Vulnerability Source: Dark Web[/caption] The affected organization, as claimed by the threat actor, is the Ministry of Defence of Italy, Ministero Difesa, highlighting the gravity of the situation. The website in question, difesa.it, falls under the purview of this governmental body, making it a matter of national security concern. With Italy being the impacted country, the ramifications extend to the wider European and UK regions, emphasizing the potential for geopolitical implications. The post by the threat actor, shared on the cybercrime forum, offers insights into the nature of the RCE vulnerability. However, it lacks substantial evidence to validate the claims made. The absence of proof raises doubts about the credibility of the assertions and necessitates a thorough investigation into the matter.

No Confirmation of Intrusion

Efforts to ascertain the authenticity of the alleged cyberattack on the Italian Ministry have been initiated, with inquiries directed towards the Ministry of Defence of Italy. As of the time of this report, official confirmation or denial from the ministry is pending, leaving the status of the Italian Ministry of Defence cyberattack unresolved. Despite the alarming nature of the disclosure, there are indications that the Ministry of Defence website remains operational and unaffected by any apparent cyber intrusion. This suggests that either the threat actor has refrained from exploiting the vulnerability or that the website's security measures have effectively thwarted any attempted attacks. Nevertheless, the potential threat posed by the RCE vulnerability cannot be understated, warranting proactive measures to mitigate risks and fortify cyber defenses. Organizations, especially those in the government and law enforcement sectors, must remain vigilant and employ robust security protocols to safeguard against emerging cyber threats. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Hacker Claims Cyberattack on China’s Massive Power Grid SGCC, Selling Stolen Data

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
10 June 2024 at 04:07

SGCC Cyberattack

A threat actor known as Desec0x has claimed to possess a database allegedly stolen from the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), offering it for sale on the nuovo BreachForums. In the post, Desec0x claimed a cyberattack on SGCC and stated to have gained access through a third-party network, allowing them to exfiltrate sensitive data. The threat actor claimed that multiple databases containing user account information, user details, department information, and roles were accessed. The employee information allegedly includes headers such as eID, username, phone number, email, employee number, username, and password. The database is allegedly available in SQL and XLSX formats for US$1,000. Cyberattack on SGCC

Potential Implications of Cyberattack on SGCC

Established on December 29, 2002, SGCC is the largest utility company in the world and consistently ranks second on the Fortune Global 500 list. SGCC operates as a group with RMB 536.3 billion in registered capital and employs 1.72 million people. It provides power to over 1.1 billion people across 26 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, covering 88% of China's national territory. Additionally, SGCC owns and operates overseas assets in countries such as the Philippines, Brazil, Portugal, Australia, and Italy. If the claims of the cyberattack on SGCC made by Desec0x are proven to be true, the implications could be far-reaching. The sensitive nature of the data allegedly stolen, including personal and departmental information of SGCC employees, could have serious consequences for the company and its stakeholders. However, upon accessing the official SGCC website, no signs of foul play were detected, and the website appeared to be functioning normally.

Global Context of Cyberattacks in the Energy Sector

The energy sector has been increasingly targeted by cyberattacks, often involving third-party data breaches. According to Security Intelligence, 90% of the world’s top energy companies suffered from third-party data breaches in 2023. Additionally, nearly 60% of cyberattacks in the energy sector are attributed to state-affiliated actors. In late 2023, 22 energy firms were targeted in a large-scale coordinated attack on Danish infrastructure. In April 2024, a group called Cyber Army Russia claimed responsibility for a cyberattack on Consol Energy, a prominent American energy company headquartered in Cecil Township, Pennsylvania. This cyberattack reportedly disrupted the company's website accessibility, causing issues for users outside the United States. In March 2024, a dark web actor was reportedly selling access to an Indonesian energy company, believed to be the same threat actor who targeted an American manufacturer. In 2023, a suspected cyberattack on Petro-Canada was officially confirmed. Suncor Energy, the holding company of Petro-Canada, acknowledged that an IT outage over the weekend was indeed a cyberattack. The company stated that it took immediate action upon discovering the attack, collaborating with third-party experts to investigate and address the situation. This incident caused significant disruptions to Petro-Canada's operations, affecting gas stations and preventing customers from accessing the Petro-Canada app and website. In the case of the State Grid Corporation of China, the claims made by Desec0x remain unverified until an official statement is released by SGCC. Without confirmation from the company, the alleged cyberattack on SGCC and data breach cannot be substantiated. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Cyberattack Disrupts Services on Popular Japanese Video-Sharing Site Niconico

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
10 June 2024 at 02:19

Cyberattack on Niconico

The popular Japanese video-sharing website Niconico has suspended its services due to a cyberattack, its operator announced. Taking to X, formerly known as Twitter, Niconico tweeted, “As of 10:45 on June 10th, various Niconico services are unavailable. We deeply apologize for the concern and inconvenience this may cause.” In a further update, Niconico informed users, “The cyberattacks are still ongoing, and it is difficult to report on future developments until safety is ensured. We will provide updates to the extent possible this evening.” Details regarding the extent of the data breach and what specific information may have been compromised are still under investigation. [caption id="attachment_76107" align="aligncenter" width="622"]Cyberattack on Niconico Source: Niconico's X account[/caption] On June 8, the Niconico management team tweeted, “Niconico is currently undergoing a large-scale cyberattack and has temporarily suspended its services in order to minimize the impact.” Despite rapid investigation and countermeasures, they stated, “We cannot begin recovery efforts until we are confident that we have completely eliminated the effects of the cyberattack and ensured safety. There is no hope of recovery at least this weekend.” [caption id="attachment_76108" align="aligncenter" width="637"]Niconico Cyberattack Source: Niconico's X account[/caption] Niconico is one of Japan's largest video-sharing platforms, offering a wide variety of content from music and sports to various hobbies. It also features live streaming of programs, including press conferences by government officials. In addition to Niconico, its parent company Kadokawa's official website and its e-commerce site, Ebten, were also affected by possible unauthorized access, the publisher said on Sunday. “We are currently investigating and responding to the issue, and have confirmed that the impact has been felt on the Niconico service in general, the Kadokawa official site, and Ebten. We are also investigating whether any information was leaked,” Kadokawa stated. "We sincerely apologize for causing concern and inconvenience due to the issue affecting several websites of the Kadokawa Group since early Saturday morning," the Tokyo-based publisher added. [caption id="attachment_76111" align="aligncenter" width="699"]Cyberattack on Kadokawa Source: Kadokawa's account[/caption]  

How Cyberattack on Niconico Happened

Beginning in the early hours of Saturday, June 8th, an issue arose that prevented access to multiple servers within the group. In response, Kadokawa immediately shut down the relevant servers to protect data. Based on the internal analysis and investigation conducted that same day, it was determined that there was a high possibility of a cyberattack. Kadokawa is investigating the impact of the attack, including "whether there have been leaks of information," and is cooperating with external experts and the police. Niconico, known for its diverse content and live-streaming capabilities, plays a crucial role in the digital landscape of Japan. The suspension of its services has undoubtedly caused widespread concern among its user base, which spans millions of people who rely on the platform for entertainment, information, and community engagement.

Concern Over Niconico Cyberattack

Users have taken to social media to express their support and concern. One user tweeted, “I’ll wait until it’s back. I can’t be of much help, but I’m rooting for you. Niconico saved my life. I can’t imagine life without it.” Another user wrote, “Thank you for your hard work. We will wait patiently, so please don’t push yourself too hard and be patient.” [caption id="attachment_76115" align="aligncenter" width="622"]Cyberattack on Niconico Source: X[/caption] Some users speculated about the cyberattack on Niconico origins and motives, with one asking, “Do you know who carried out the cyber attack?😓” and another suggesting, “If the attacks are this relentless, it’s almost like they’re testing something...?” [caption id="attachment_76116" align="aligncenter" width="621"]Niconico Source: X[/caption] As the investigation of the Niconico cyberattack continues, users and stakeholders await further updates on the situation. The company’s priority remains ensuring the complete elimination of the threat and safeguarding the integrity of its data and services.

‘Commando Cat’ Cryptojacking Campaign Exploits Remote Docker API Servers

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
7 June 2024 at 18:46

Commando Cat Docker Containers API

A new cryptojacking attack campaign dubbed "Commando Cat" has been observed exploiting exposed Docker remote API servers to deploy cryptocurrency miners. Attack operations leverage legitimate Docker images from the open-source Commando project. Commando is a tool designed for on-demand docker image creation, aiding SysOps and DevOps professionals to quickly create them for operations.

Commando Cat Initial Access and Attack Sequence

The Commando Cat campaign identified by researchers from Trend Micro has been active since early 2024. The attack begins with a probe to the Docker Remote API server. If the server responds positively, the attackers create a container using the "cmd.cat/chattr" image. Once a suitable target is located, the attacker deploys a docker image named cmd.cat/chattr, which appears harmless at first glance but serves as a stepping stone for the subsequent stages of the attack. The "cmd.cat/chattr" image allows the attackers to employ techniques like chroot and volume binding to escape the docker container and bind the host system's root directory to the container's own /hs directory, thereby gaining unrestricted access to the host file system. The attackers also bind the Docker socket to the container, allowing them to manipulate Docker as if they were on the host machine itself. If the "cmd.cat/chattr" image isn't found, the attackers pull it from the cmd.cat repository. Once the image is in place, they create a Docker container, executing a base64-encoded script that downloads and executes a malicious binary from their command-and-control (C&C) server. The researchers identified the downloaded binary file as ZiggyStarTux, an open-source IRC botnet based on the Kaiten malware.

Commando Cat Detection and Mitigation

While the researchers noted that the campaign's C&C server was down during analysis, they noted several technical specifics from attack operations. Researchers have advised that potential misuse of DropBear SSH on TCP port 3022, along with use of the 1219 port for its C&C server, can help detect the presence of the malware. Unauthorized IRC communications along with these specific User-Agent strings are other indicators:
  • HackZilla/1.67 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.16-3 x64)
  • Mozilla/4.75 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.16-3 i686)
To prevent such attacks, organizations should adhere to Docker security best practices, including:
  • Properly configuring Docker containers and APIs.
  • Utilizing only official or certified Docker images.
  • Running containers with non-root privileges.
  • Limiting container access to trusted sources.
  • Regularly performing security audits and scanning for suspicious docker containers.
Additionally the researchers have shared a more detailed list of indicators of compromise (IOCs) to help detect infections. The Commando Cat attack campaign underscores the risks associated with exposed Docker Remote API servers and the potential exploitation of open-source projects by threat actors. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Akira Ransomware Group Claims Attack on Panasonic Australia; Singapore Tells Victims to Not Pay Ransom

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
7 June 2024 at 16:06

Panasonic Australia Akira ransomware group

The Akira ransomware group claims on its dark web leak site to have compromised data from Panasonic Australia. Shortly after that announcement, Singapore authorities issued an advisory advising affected companies to not heed the ransomware group's demands, in response to local law firm Shook Lin & Bok confirming that it had been struck by the group. Panasonic Australia is a regional subsidiary of Panasonic Holdings Corporation headquartered in Japan. It manufactures electronic equipment and devices such as cameras, home equipment, sound equipment, personal care devices, power tools, and air conditioning. The Akira ransomware group has previously targeted several high-profile organizations while netting millions in ransom payments from affected victims.

Akira Ransomware Group Attack on Panasonic Australia

The ransomware group alleged that it had exfiltrated sensitive project information and business agreements from the electronics manufacturer Panasonic Australia. No sample documents were posted to verify the authenticity of the breach claims. The potential impact of the breach on Panasonic Australia is unknown but could present a serious liability for the confidentiality of the company's stolen documents.

Cyber Security Agency of Singapore Issues Advisory

Singapore's Cyber Security Agency (CSA) along with the country's Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) issued an advisory to organizations instructing them to report Akira ransomware attacks to respective authorities rather than paying ransom demands. The advisory was released shortly after an Akira ransomware group attack on the Shook Lin & Bok law firm. While the firm still continued to operate as normal, it had reportedly paid a ransom of US$1.4 million in Bitcoin to the group. The Akira ransomware group had demanded a ransom of US$2 million from the law firm earlier, which was then negotiated down after a week, according to the SuspectFile article. The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) stated that it was aware of the incident and offered assistance to the law firm. However, it cautioned against similar payments from other affected victims. "Paying the ransom does not guarantee that the data will be decrypted or that threat actors will not publish your data," the agency stated. "Furthermore, threat actors may see your organisation as a soft target and strike again in the future. This may also encourage them to continue their criminal activities and target more victims." The Singaporean authorities offered a number of recommendations to organizations:
  • Enforce strong password policies with at least 12 characters, using a mix of upper and lower case letters, numbers, and special characters.
  • Implement multi-factor authentication for all internet-facing services, such as VPNs and critical system accounts.
  • Use reputable antivirus or anti-malware software to detect ransomware through real-time monitoring of system processes, network traffic, and file activity. Configure the software to block suspicious files, prevent unauthorized remote connections, and restrict access to sensitive files.
  • Periodically scan systems and networks for vulnerabilities and apply the latest security patches promptly, especially for critical functions.
  • Migrate from unsupported applications to newer alternatives.
  • Segregate networks to control traffic flow between sub-networks to limit ransomware spread. Monitor logs for suspicious activities and carry out remediation measures as needed.
  • Conduct routine backups following the 3-2-1 rule: keep three copies of backups, store them in two different media formats, and store one set off-site.
  • Conduct incident response exercises and develop business continuity plans to improve readiness for ransomware attacks.
  • Retain only essential data and minimize the collection of personal data to reduce the impact of data breaches.
"Organisations should periodically scan their systems and networks for vulnerabilities and regularly update all operating systems, applications, and software by applying the latest security patches promptly, especially for functions critical to the business," the police, CSA and PDPC said in a joint statement. The criminal group had previously also come under the attention of various other governments and security agencies, with the FBI and CISA releasing a joint cybersecurity advisory as part of the #StopRansomware effort. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

University of Arkansas Leads Initiative to Improve Security of Solar Inverters

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
7 June 2024 at 10:35

University of Arkansas Solar Initiative Solar Panels

The University of Arkansas is spearheading a new collaborative effort with researchers and industry partners to address the rising risks and challenges associated with the deployment of solar systems. Historically, little attention has been paid to the risks within solar systems, as they weren't commonly deployed and most solar inverters were not connected to wider networks. However, the potential risks grow as more solar panels are installed and inverters become more advanced. Solar inverters act as the bridging interface between solar panels and the grid, with newer models allowing for monitoring and control. Solar inverters that are not updated or secure enough could potentially be intercepted and manipulated by attackers, allowing them to embed malicious code that could spread into the larger power system.

University of Arkansas Solar Inverter Cybersecurity Initiative

The new project led by the University of Arkansas is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) and aims to strengthen the cybersecurity measures of solar inverters. Solar inverters are used to convert direct current (DC) generated from solar panels into alternating current (AC) that can be used in households and within the energy grid. This effort involves collaboration among multiple universities, laboratories, and industry partners to develop custom-designed controls infused with multiple layers of cybersecurity protocols. [caption id="attachment_75768" align="alignnone" width="800"]University of Arkansas Solar Inverter Cybersecurity Initiative Source: news.uark.edu[/caption] Researchers from these groups dismantled conventional commercial solar inverters, stripping away existing controls and technology. They then integrated work from different partners while implementing custom-designed controls designed with multiple additional layers of cybersecurity protocols. The University of Arkansas group then took to solar farms in order to subject these modified inverters to real-world conditions to test them and demonstrate the practicality of their cybersecurity measures. The collaborative partners for this project include the University of Georgia, Texas A&M Kingsville, University of Illinois Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, General Electric Research, Ozarks Electric, and Today's Power Inc. The collaborative efforts from these groups is a further step to fortifying not only the cybersecurity resilience of solar inverters but also to secure the broader landscape of renewable energy technologies.

Securing Renewable Energy and Electric Grids

As electric grids become increasingly digitized and connected, securing these grids becomes a top priority for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The department has stated that while some cyberattacks target information technology (IT) systems, attacks on operating technology (OT) devices such as solar photovoltaic inverters could have potential physical impact, such as loss of power and creation of fires. The department cited an incident in March 2019 in which hackers managed to breach through a utility’s web portal firewall. The attack caused random interruptions to the visibility of segments of the grid from its operators for a period of 10 hours. The DOE's Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) is working to ensure that the electric grid is secure and capable of integrating more solar power systems and other distributed energy resources. The agency developed a roadmap for Photovoltaic Cybersecurity, supports ongoing efforts in Distributed Energy Resources (DER) cybersecurity standards, and participates in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Cybersecurity Multiyear Program Plan, along with the Department of Energy's broader cybersecurity research activities. The Solar Energy Technologies Office has recommended the use of dynamic survival strategy based on defense-in-depth measures that functional as additional layers of security to secure individual components as well as entire systems. These layers include installing anti-virus software on DER systems (solar inverters and battery controllers) and maintaining virus protection and detection mechanisms on the firewalls and servers integrating these individual systems to the broader system of grid operation. The Office admits that implementation of this strategy into DER technologies can be complex, with different owners, operators, and systems typically involved, but maintains the strategy's importance in reducing potential cyberattacks. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

First Priority Restoration Hit by Alleged Ransomware Attack

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
7 June 2024 at 03:11

FPR Cyberattack

First Priority Restoration (FPR), a prominent company in the disaster restoration industry, has reportedly been targeted by a ransomware attack claimed by the Cactus Ransomware group. Headquartered in Odessa, Florida, First Priority Restoration has been a leader in disaster restoration for decades. The company provides comprehensive restoration services following natural and man-made disasters, ensuring swift recovery and mitigation of damage for affected properties. While the ransomware group has not disclosed the specific details of the compromised data, the alleged cyberattack on First Priority Restoration could have significant implications for the company and its clients if proven true. [caption id="attachment_75588" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Cactus Ransomware Source: X[/caption]

What Will be The Implication of the FPR Cyberattack

Ransomware attacks typically involve the encryption of critical data, rendering it inaccessible to the affected organization. The cybercriminals then demand a ransom, usually in a cryptocurrency, in exchange for the decryption key. Failure to pay the ransom often leads to the publication or destruction of the stolen data. In this case, the ransomware attack on FPR could lead to substantial operational disruptions, financial losses, reputational damage, and potential legal and regulatory repercussions. Critical data may become inaccessible, hindering the company's ability to provide timely disaster restoration services. Additionally, the exposure of sensitive client information could result in identity theft and fraud. However, upon accessing the official website, no signs of foul play were detected, and the website was fully functional. To verify the claim further, The Cyber Express Team (TCE) reached out to FPR officials. However, as of this writing, no response or statement has been received, leaving the Cactus Ransomware claim about the FPR cyberattack unverified.

Cactus Ransomware Previous Cyberattacks Claims

The Cactus Ransomware group is a notorious cybercriminal organization known for its complex and targeted ransomware campaigns. Previously, the group claimed responsibility for the cyberattack on Petersen Health Care, which compromised the company’s digital infrastructure and exposed sensitive information. Petersen Health Care subsequently filed for bankruptcy, burdened by a staggering $295 million in debt. Another example is the Schneider Electric data breach, where the Cactus group claimed to have stolen 1.5 TB of personal documents, confidential agreements, and non-disclosure agreements. Ransomware attacks have become increasingly predominant, with cybercriminals continuously evolving their tactics to exploit vulnerabilities in organizations. In the first quarter of 2024 alone, 1,075 ransomware victims were posted on leak sites, despite the disruption of major ransomware groups like LockBit and ALPHV/BlackCat, which accounted for 22% and 8% of the activity, respectively. As cybercriminals continue to refine their tactics, organizations must remain vigilant and proactive in safeguarding their data and operations. For First Priority Restoration, TCE is closely monitoring the situation and will provide updates as soon as a response is received regarding the alleged FPR cyberattack. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

UAE Ministry of Education Faces Alleged Cyberattack from Pro-Palestinian Hacktivist Group

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
7 June 2024 at 01:19

UAE Ministry of Education Cyberattack

On June 6, 2024, a cyberattack on UAE Ministry of Education's website was claimed by a dark web actor. The threat actor, called DarkStormTeam, is a hacktivist group that supports Palestine and is infamous for carrying out similar attacks. As per the threat actor's post, the UAE Ministry of Education website allegedly targeted in a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. The UAE Ministry of Education cyberattack, which lasted for approximately three hours on their official website, allegedly caused disruptions in online services. The DarkStormTeam published a message outlining their plan to target important government services and Emirati infrastructure. This is because UAE's allegedly support Israel, in the ongoing cyberware. The cyberattack on the Ministry of Education's website is believed to be part of their bigger campaign against groups affiliated with countries that support Israel. The Cyber Express has reached out to the UAE Ministry of Education in an attempt to obtain more information about the cyberattack. However, at the time of writing this news report, no official response was received, leaving the claims unverified.

Understanding UAE Ministry of Education Cyberattack

The UAE Ministry of Education is a crucial federal government organization that oversees all matters pertaining to education within the country. The Ministry is crucial to the growth and management of the UAE's educational system. It was established in accordance with Sheikh Zayed's Federal Law No. of 1972. This is not an isolated incident; DarkStormTeam has been aggressively launching cyberattacks against a various governmental and commercial sector institutions worldwide. In March 2024, the group turned its attention to organizations, focusing on the US, Brazil, Denmark, Egypt, France, Israel, and the United Arab Emirates, among other countries. Although their precise intentions are still unknown, they might be anything from anti-Israel bigotry to political grievances.

The Rise of DarkStormTeam Hacker Group

It's worth noting that DarkStormTeam's activities often include promoting hacking services for hire, suggesting potential financial motivations alongside their ideological objectives. This blend of ideological and potentially profit-driven motives adds complexity to their operations and highlights the challenges in addressing cyber threats posed by hacktivist groups. This is an ongoing story and The Cyber Express will be closely monitoring the situation. TCE will update this post once it receive more information on the alleged UAE Ministry of Education cyberattack or any official confirmation from the ministry. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Patch Now! Center for Cybersecurity Belgium Warns About Critical Vulnerabilities in Telerik Report Server

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
6 June 2024 at 18:41

Progress Telerik Belgium Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities

On March 20, 2024, Progress Software disclosed three vulnerabilities in its Telerik Report Server products. The vulnerabilities were identified as CVE-2024-1800, CVE-2024-1801, and CVE-2024-1856. Another Progress Telerik Report Server vulnerability (CVE-2024-4358), disclosed on May 31, 2024, could potentially allow attackers to execute code on systems that have the affected Progress Telerik software versions installed. The Center for Cybersecurity Belgium issued a recent security advisory urging customers to patch these vulnerabilities.

Progress Telerik Vulnerabilities Overview

The CCB detailed all four vulnerabilities, associated risks and working exploits, and provided links that contain additional details about each vulnerability.

Insecure Deserialization Vulnerabilities

The first two vulnerabilities (CVE-2024-1801 and CVE-2024-1856) are insecure deserialization vulnerabilities in Progress Telerik Reporting. Attackers could exploit these vulnerabilities to run arbitrary code. An attacker with local access could potentially exploit CVE-2024-1801, while CVE-2024-1856 may be exploited remotely if specific web application misconfigurations are in place.

Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

The third vulnerability (CVE-2024-1800) is an insecure deserialization vulnerability in the Progress Telerik Report Server. Successfully exploitation of the vulnerability could allow for remote execution of arbitrary code on affected systems. Progress Telerik Report Server versions prior to 2024 Q1 (10.0.24.130) are vulnerable to this issue.

Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

An additional vulnerability, CVE-2024-4358, that was disclosed later affects the Telerik Report Server. This is an authentication bypass vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to gain access to restricted functionality within the Progress Telerik Report Server. The issue affects Progress Telerik Report Server versions up to 2024 Q1 (10.0.24.305).

Recommended Actions for Telerik Vulnerabilities

The Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium strongly recommends applying, after thorough testing, the latest available software updates of Progress Telerik on vulnerable devices. Progress Telerik has explicitly stated that the only way to remediate the earlier three reported vulnerabilities was by updating to the latest available version (10.1.24.514). For the authentication bypass vulnerability (CVE-2024-4358), Progress Telerik has published a temporary mitigation. This mitigation involves applying a URL Rewrite rule in IIS to deny access to the vulnerable "startup/register" path. The Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium urges organizations to bolster their monitoring and detection capabilities to be alert for any malicious activities associated with these vulnerabilities. Organizations are further advised to check the list of users within the Progress Telerik Report Server to ensure that there is no addition of unauthorized accounts while responding quickly to detected intrusions. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Researchers Warn About Phishing Emails That Trick Users Into Pasting Malicious Commands

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
6 June 2024 at 16:12

Ctrl+V Phishing Campaign cybersecurity

Security researchers have uncovered a new phishing campaign that attempts to trick recipients into pasting (CTRL+V) and executing malicious commands on their system. It leverages a sophisticated attack chain along with what the researchers have dubbed the "paste and run" technique.

'Paste and Run' Phishing Technique

The attackers behind the campaign send emails to potential victims purporting to be from legitimate businesses or organizations. Researchers from AhnLab stated that these emails often involve topics such as fee processing or operational instructions to entice recipients into opening attached files. The emails contain a file attachment with disguised intent, as in the examples below. [caption id="attachment_75497" align="alignnone" width="1200"]Phishing Ctrl+V Email cybersecurity_3 (Phishing Ctrl+V Email cybersecurity) Source: asec.ahnlab.com[/caption] Once the victim clicks on the HTML attachment, a fake message displays in the browser while disguising itself as a Microsoft Word document. This message directs the user to click on a "How to fix" button that purports to help them load the document offline. After clicking the button, a set of instructions prompt the user to type out a set of keyboard commands—first type [Win+R], then [Ctrl+V], and press [Enter]. [caption id="attachment_75494" align="alignnone" width="1200"]Phishing Cybersecurity Source: asec.ahnlab.com[/caption] The button may alternatively load a different set of instructions directing the user to manually access the Windows PowerShell terminal and hit right-click within the terminal window. By following the instructions, the victim inadvertently pastes a malicious script to the terminal, which then executes in their system.

Phishing Scheme Installs DarkGate Malware

The PowerShell script downloaded and executed by the scheme is a component of the DarkGate malware family. Once the script is run, it downloads and executes an HTA (HTML Application) file from a remote command-and-control server. The HTA file then executes additional instructions to launch an AutoIt3.exe file while passing a malicious AutoIt script (script.a3x) as an argument. The script appears to load the DarkGate malware to infect the system while also clearing the user's clipboard to conceal the execution of malicious commands. "The overall operation flow from the reception of the email to the infection is quite complex, making it difficult for users to detect and prevent," the researchers noted. [caption id="attachment_75496" align="alignnone" width="1200"]Email Phishing Ctrl+ V Source: asec.ahnlab.com[/caption]

Protecting Against the Phishing Campaign

The researchers advised email recipients to remain cautious when handling unsolicited emails, even if they appear to be from legitimate sources, to avoid falling victim to the phishing campaign. Recipients should refrain from opening attachment files or clicking on links until they can verify the email sender and its content. "Users must take extra caution when handling files from unknown sources, especially the URLs and attachments of emails," the researchers emphasized. Additionally, recipients should also be wary of any messages that prompt them to execute commands, as it is a common tactic used by attackers to compromise systems. Upon receiving such requests, it is recommended to either ignore the email or report it to your organization's IT security team. The researchers also shared various indicators of compromise (IOCs) such as Base64-encoded PowerShell commands, HTA files, and Autoit scripts, download URLs, file signatures and behavioral indicators associated with the campaign. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Akira Ransomware Claims Cyberattack on German Manufacturer E-T-A

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
6 June 2024 at 07:50

Akria Ransomware

The Akira ransomware group allegedly targeted E-T-A Elektrotechnische Apparate GmbH, an organization located in Germany. The ransomware group claims to have stolen 24 gigabytes of sensitive material, including customer information, non-disclosure agreements (NDAs), financial records, and employee personal information. To substantiate these claims, the threat actor has attached a screenshot with all this information. Akira ransomware group E-T-A Elektrotechnische Apparate GmbH operates six production facilities and has a presence in 60 countries worldwide. The company’s product range includes a variety of electrical protection solutions essential to numerous industries. The company is renowned for manufacturing circuit breakers, electronic circuit protectors, and various other electronic components. Despite the ransomware group's claims, the company's official website appeared to be fully functional, and there were no signs of foul play. Further to verify Akira's cyberattack on E-T-A claims, The Cyber Express Team reached out to E-T-A Elektrotechnische Apparate GmbH for an official statement. As of the time of writing, no response has been received from the company. This leaves the ransomware claims unverified, with no confirmation or denial from E-T-A's officials.

Akira Ransomware: Previous Track Record

The Akira ransomware gang has arisen as a danger to small and medium-sized organizations (SMBs), mostly in Europe, North America, and Australia. The group uses advanced tactics to infiltrate systems, frequently acquiring illegal access to a company's virtual private networks (VPNs). Sophos X-Ops research shows that Akira often uses compromised login credentials or exploits weaknesses in VPN technologies such as Cisco ASA SSL VPN or Cisco AnyConnect. Recently, in May 2024, Akira targeted Western Dovetail, a well-known woodworking shop. In April 2024, Akira was identified as the gang responsible for a series of cyberattacks against businesses and key infrastructure in North America, Europe, and Australia. According to the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Akira has hacked over 250 firms since March 2023, collecting roughly $42 million in ransom payments. Initially, Akira's attacks targeted Windows systems. However, the gang has since broadened its tactics to include Linux computers, causing anxiety among international cybersecurity agencies. These cyberattacks show Akira's strategy of targeting a wide range of industries and businesses of all sizes, frequently resulting in major operational interruptions and financial losses. As it stands, the Akira ransomware group's claims against E-T-A Cyberattack are unsubstantiated. The lack of an official response from the company creates a vacuum in the confirmation of these claims. While the company's website is still operational, signaling no immediate disruption, a data breach might have serious consequences, compromising client confidentiality, financial integrity, and employee privacy. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

ARRL Cyberattack Update: Frustrations Linger Despite Restoration Efforts

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Samiksha Jain
5 June 2024 at 07:11

ARRL Cyberattack

The American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the national body for amateur radio in the United States, has provided additional information concerning the May 2024 cyber incident. The ARRL cyberattack pulled its Logbook of the World (LoTW) down, leaving many members upset with the organization's perceived lack of information. According to the latest update from ARRL, on or around May 12, 2024, the company experienced a network attack by a malicious international cyber group. Upon discovering the ARRL cyberattack, the organization immediately involved the FBI and joined third-party experts to assist with the investigation and remediation efforts. The FBI categorized the ARRL cyberattack as "unique," due to its nature, compromising network devices, servers, cloud-based systems, and PCs. ARRL's management quickly set up an incident response team to contain the damage, restore servers, and test applications to ensure proper operation. In a statement, ARRL emphasized its commitment to resolving the issue: "Thank you for your patience and understanding as our staff continue to work through this with an outstanding team of experts to restore full functionality to our systems and services. We will continue to update members as advised and to the extent we are able."

ARRL Cyberattack: Lack of Information

Despite ARRL's efforts, many members felt that the company was not forthcoming enough with information. A Facebook user posted a lengthy note criticizing ARRL's communication strategy. The Facebook user post read, "We still don’t know what they haven’t told us and maybe it is important, maybe not. The point is very clear that the communication to the membership about the incident is very unprofessional and limited in its scope. Nobody needed critical details, they needed to be treated like they are members of an organization, not subjects to the king." [caption id="attachment_74996" align="aligncenter" width="1015"]ARRL Cyberattack Source: Facebook[/caption] The Facebook user pointed out several gaps in ARRL cyberattack updates, such as the absence of information about the phone systems being down and the lack of a communication path for interim assistance.

Timeline of ARRL Cyberattack Updates and Service Restoration

May 17, 2024: ARRL assured members that their personal information, such as credit card numbers and social security numbers, was not stored on their systems. The organization only holds publicly available information like names, addresses, and call signs. However, there was still no mention of the phone systems being down or alternative communication paths for assistance. May 22, 2024: ARRL provided an update stating that the LoTW data was secure and not affected by the server issue. They also mentioned the upcoming July issue of QST magazine, which would be delayed for print subscribers but on time digitally. Yet again, there was no mention of the phone systems or email service disruptions. May 29, 2024: The ARRL Volunteer Examiner Coordinator resumed processing Amateur Radio License applications with the FCC. Voice bulletins at W1AW, the Hiram Percy Maxim Memorial Station, also resumed. ARRL's store orders resumed shipping, and the e-newsletter services were back online. Finally, the organization acknowledged the phone system outage. May 31, 2024: ARRL announced that their phone system was back in service, and provided contact information for members. They also shared details about upcoming contests and magazine issues, including limited functionality of the Contest Portal. Members were reminded that they could renew their memberships online or by phone.

Ongoing Communication Issues

Despite these updates on ARRL cyberattack, members continued to express dissatisfaction with ARRL's handling of the situation. The Facebook post that critiqued ARRL's communication was particularly poignant, summarizing the frustration felt by many. While ARRL has taken significant steps to address the data breach and reassure its members, there is a clear need for more consistent and detailed communication moving forward.

TSCOP App Cyberattack: Police Officers, Criminals’ Data Allegedly Leaked in India’s Telangana State

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Krishna Murthy
5 June 2024 at 07:00

TSCOP App Cyberattack: Police Officers, Criminals’ Data Allegedly Leaked in India’s Telangana State

Less than a week after The Cyber Express exposed the data breach of a crime reporting app in India’s Telangana State, a hacker has now claimed to have engineered yet another cyberattack on Telangana Police's data. The Thread Actor (TA) has claimed to have carried out the TSCOP App Cyberattack, which is the Telangana Police’s internal crime detection app across all its wings. The massive data breach claims to expose the personal details of police officers, criminals, and gun license holders in Telangana.

Understanding the TSCOP App Cyberattack

TSCOP app was launched on January 1, 2018, to ensure better collaboration and operational efficiency of the police at all levels across the state of Telangana. The app received a boost when it was equipped with the Facial Recognition System (FRS) whereby the police could identify criminals in a few seconds by comparing a suspect's face with lakhs of digital photographs of people, including previous offenders, wanted and those missing stored in the central database. The App was also adjudged the ‘Best IT Project’ in India, for empowering police with information technology. [caption id="attachment_74941" align="alignnone" width="1200"]TSCOP App Cyberattack Source: Telangana Police Website[/caption] The TSCOP App Cyberattack was masterminded by a threat actor who goes by the name “Adm1nFr1end.” The same thread actor was responsible for Telangana Police’s Hawk Eye app data breach last week. The claims of cyberattack on the TSCOP app emerged on June 5, 2024, when the TA posted the alleged leaked data on BreachForums site. According to the TA, the leaked data includes the names, phone numbers and email addresses of police personnel from the Anti-Corruption Bureau, the Anti-Narcotics Bureau, Intelligence, Greyhounds (counter-insurgency wing against terrorists), Home Guards, and a host of other wings of the Telangana Police. TSCOP App Cyberattack

TSCOP App Cyberattack Samples

To substantiate the claims of cyberattack, the thread actor shared a few samples which revealed the phone number, name and designation of police officers. In a few cases, the district and zone of the concerned police officer were also leaked, along with the cop’s IMEI mobile number. TSCOP Cyberattack But what could be major concern to the police is the leak of data related to criminals who were recently booked. The TA shared samples of offenders who were recently booked, which revealed the operations carried out by the concerned police station, the names, ages, mobile numbers, and addresses of the accused, the date on which they were booked, and in a few cases, the crime for which they were booked. The hacker also shared another sample, which could be of critical concern owing to breach of privacy of citizens. This data breach revealed the names, addresses, voter ids, date of birth and license number of citizens who had applied for a gun license and the reason for holding a weapon. TSCOP App Cyberattack

Experts Site Weak System Behind TSCOP App Cyberattack

When the Telangana Police’s website was hacked last week, cybersecurity experts had warned the cops of multiple attacks in the future. India’s popular data security researcher Srinivas Kodali said, “It is easy to hack into their system as they used basic authentication and encoding.” He condemned the state police for not hiring proper developers and putting the privacy of several thousand users at risk. [caption id="attachment_74951" align="alignnone" width="687"]TSCOP App Cyberattack Source: X[/caption] The Cyber Express has reached out to the Telangana Police, seeking their response on the cyberattack. We will update this story as we get more information. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

London Hospitals Report Service Disruption from Synnovis Ransomware Attack

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Mihir Bagwe
4 June 2024 at 18:55

Synnovis Ransomware

Several major hospitals in London have faced service disruptions following a ransomware attack on a third-party responsible for providing pathology services. As a result, the Synnovis ransomware attack has been assigned a critical incident emergency status by the authorities. On Monday, a ransomware attack targeted Synnovis, a company offering pathology services such as blood tests for transfusions to various healthcare organizations. A spokesperson for NHS England London confirmed the incident, stating that the hospital network was currently disconnected from Synnovis IT servers.

Synnovis Ransomware Attack Has 'Significant Impact'

The Synnovis ransomware attack was having a "significant impact" on the delivery of services at Guy’s and St Thomas’ hospitals, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trusts, and primary care services in southeast London, the spokesperson added.
"The immediate impact was reported on patients using NHS services within the two partner hospitals, as well as GP services across Bexley, Greenwich, Lewisham, Bromley, Southwark and Lambeth boroughs."
Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals, renowned heart and lung centers in the UK, have also reportedly been impacted. As a result of the attack, some appointments have been canceled and patients redirected with short notice, placing additional strain on other hospitals.
"We are currently experiencing disruption to our pathology services, particularly blood tests."
"This is following a cyber attack affecting our pathology service provider Synnovis," said the NHS statement. "Very regrettably we have had to cancel some procedures and operations. We apologise unreservedly to all patients who are affected." The disruption in the blood transfusion IT system poses a risk to trauma cases, with only urgent blood components being transfused when critically necessary for patients. Efforts are underway by the Department of Health and Social Care, NHS England, and the National Cyber Security Centre to address the cyber incident and support affected organizations while prioritizing patient safety. The uncertainty surrounding the duration of the disruption raises concerns about resource availability and potential further critical incidents. The attack follows a similar one that hit NHS services in Scotland in March.

CEO's Statement on Synnovis Ransomware Attack

Mark Dollar, the CEO of Synnovis, acknowledged the severity of the situation, emphasizing the collaborative efforts between IT experts from Synnovis and the NHS to assess the extent of the damage and implement necessary measures. Patient care has been disrupted, leading to some activities being canceled or redirected to alternative providers to prioritize urgent needs, Dollar said.
"It is still early days and we are trying to understand exactly what has happened."
A taskforce of IT experts from Synnovis and the NHS is working to fully assess the impact this has had, and to take the appropriate action needed. We are working closely with NHS Trust partners to minimise the impact on patients and other service users."
"Regrettably this is affecting patients, with some activity already cancelled or redirected to other providers as urgent work is prioritised."
"We are incredibly sorry for the inconvenience and upset this is causing to patients, service users and anyone else affected. We are doing our best to minimise the impact and will stay in touch with local NHS services to keep people up to date with developments," Dollar added. Synnovis has invested heavily in ensuring that IT arrangements are of the highest order of safety but Dollar, citing the ransomware attack, said, "This is a harsh reminder that this sort of attack can happen to anyone at any time and that, dispiritingly, the individuals behind it have no scruples about who their actions might affect." As the healthcare sector continues to navigate the evolving landscape of cyber threats, stakeholders must remain vigilant, prioritize cybersecurity protocols, and collaborate to fortify defenses against ransomware attacks. Safeguarding patient data and preserving the trust of individuals relying on healthcare services are critical imperatives in the ongoing battle against cybercrime in the healthcare industry.

Australian Government Orders Chinese Divestment from Northern Minerals Amid Cybersecurity Concerns

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Ashish Khaitan
4 June 2024 at 10:09

Northern Minerals cyberattack

Australian Treasurer Jim Chalmers has mandated that several Chinese-linked investors divest their shares in Northern Minerals, a rare earth miner. The directive, grounded in foreign investment laws, requires the sale of these stakes due to concerns over national security linked to a Northern Minerals cyberattack incident. The move comes at a time when the mining sector is increasingly seen as strategic, particularly in light of recent developments surrounding the Browns Range heavy rare earths project in Western Australia. Northern Minerals is at the forefront of developing this crucial project, which has gained attention for its potential role in green energy and defense sectors. The Browns Range mine is positioned to be a supplier for Iluka Resources' Eneabba rare earth refinery, a project backed by substantial Australian government funding.  However, the spotlight on Northern Minerals has also made it a target for cyberattacks, which has now gained urgency following a data breach made by the BianLian ransomware group.

Decoding the Northern Minerals Cyberattack Claims

[caption id="attachment_74717" align="alignnone" width="765"]Northern Minerals Cyberattack Source: Dark Web[/caption] The cyberattack on Northern Minerals has raised questions not only for the organization but also for stakeholders and investors, as many businesses and individuals have invested heavily in these mining projects. Prior to the current situation, Northern Minerals discovered a data breach incident in late March that compromised a range of sensitive data, including corporate, operational, and financial information, as well as details about current and former personnel and shareholders. Despite the severity of the breach, Northern Minerals reported that its operations and broader systems remained largely unaffected. However, the BianLian group has leaked data it says was compromised in the attack, including operational, strategic, R&D, financial, and employee information, along with executive emails and phone numbers. Treasurer Jim Chalmers' directive to Chinese-linked investors, including Yuxiao Fund, to sell their stakes in Northern Minerals is a significant move to safeguard Australia's national interests. The Foreign Investment Review Board advised this action to ensure compliance with Australia's foreign investment framework. The decision affects not only Yuxiao Fund but also other foreign shareholders, who have been given 60 days to dispose of their shares. Yuxiao Fund, a Singapore-registered private investment vehicle of Chinese national Wu Yuxiao, had previously been restricted from increasing its stake in Northern Minerals. The Australian government's insistence on these divestitures reflects a broader strategy to reduce dependency on foreign entities, particularly those linked to China, in the critical minerals sector.

Strategic Implications of the Cyberattack on the Mining Industry

The cyberattack on Northern Minerals highlights the broader vulnerabilities within the critically important mining industry, which is becoming an increasingly attractive target for cybercriminals. The attack on Northern Minerals, along with similar incidents like one involving Rio Tinto in 2023, illustrates the critical need for enhanced cybersecurity protocols across the sector. These attacks not only threaten the operational integrity of mining companies but also pose significant risks to national security, given the strategic importance of rare earth elements. As the mining sector becomes increasingly vital to global supply chains, particularly for green energy technologies and defense applications, it is imperative to protect these resources from cyber threats. The suspected involvement of the hacker group BianLian in the Northern Minerals cyberattack has further intensified concerns. The group claims to have stolen extensive data, including corporate email archives and shareholder information, which was then posted on the dark web. Australia's proactive stance in managing foreign investment in its critical minerals sector, coupled with its efforts to mitigate cyber threats, sets an example for other nations facing similar challenges. By prioritizing national security and strengthening cybersecurity, Australia aims to ensure the sustainable and secure development of its strategic mineral resources. The cyberattack on Northern Minerals and the subsequent divestment orders by the Australian government highlights the intertwined nature of cybersecurity and national security in the mining industry. As cyber threats continue to evolve, so too must the strategies to defend against them, ensuring the resilience and security of critical industries worldwide. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

State-Sponsored Hackers Likely Accessed Employee Emails in British Columbia Government Network Cyberattack

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Mihir Bagwe
4 June 2024 at 02:41

British Columbia Government

A recent series of cyberattacks observed on the British Columbia government networks from state hackers may have compromised the personal information of its employees, authorities said. Shannon Salter, head of the B.C. Public Service, on Monday, provided an update on a recent cyber investigation. She disclosed that hackers, who attacked government networks in April "may have" accessed 22 email inboxes of provincial employees. Among these, a few inboxes contained sensitive personal information on 19 individuals, primarily consisting of employee personnel files. Salter confirmed that individuals potentially impacted by the breach have been notified. As a precaution, they will be offered credit monitoring and identity protection services. Despite the potential access, there has been no identified misuse of the information or evidence indicating that specific files were accessed by the threat actor. The investigation so far has not found hackers accessing any sensitive information collected by the government in the delivery of public services. Additionally, officials clarified that the cyberattack was not a ransomware attack and appears to have been carried out by a state or state-sponsored actor. Public Safety Minister Mike Farnworth reiterated Salter's comments and told reporters in a press briefing:
"At this time, we have no indication that the general public's information was accessed."
Farnworth did not reveal which ministry employees' emails were accessed by the hackers but said no cabinet members were affected as "these were [only] employee files."

British Columbia Cyberattacks Timeline

Initial Detection and Investigation
- April 10: The B.C. government detected potential cyberattack. - April 11: Government security experts confirmed the cyberattack after initiating an investigation.
Federal Involvement and Expert Consultation
- The incident was reported to the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, which then engaged Microsoft's Diagnostics and Recovery Toolset (DaRT) due to the attack's sophistication. - April 17: Premier David Eby was briefed on the cyberattack.
Continued Threat and Security Measures
- April 29: Evidence of another hacking attempt by the same “threat actor” was discovered. - Same day, provincial employees were instructed to immediately change their passwords to 14 characters. The Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO) described this as part of routine security updates, though it was likely linked to the cyberattack.
Third Attempt and Final Disclosure
- May 6: Another cyberattack was identified, with the same threat actor responsible for all three incidents. - May 8: After briefing the B.C. NDP cabinet on May 8, the cybersecurity centre concurred that the public could be notified, leading to the eventual public announcement of the cyberattacks. The cyberattacks were not disclosed to the public until late evening on May 8, and was eventually announced during an ice hockey game, leading to accusations from B.C. United MLAs that the government was trying to conceal the attack. Opposition MLA Todd Stone questioned the delay in public disclosure, asking, “How much sensitive personal information was compromised, and why did the premier wait eight days to issue a discreet statement during a Canucks game to disclose this very serious breach to British Columbians?” Salter explained, at the time, that the cybersecurity centre advised against immediate public disclosure to prevent other hackers from exploiting vulnerabilities in government networks. Throughout these incidents, the government emphasized that the ongoing nature of the investigation required careful management of information to ensure system security and prevent further exploits.

Is Beijing Involved?

Although the sophistication of this hacking campaign made clear that it is likely a work of a state or state-sponsored hackers, authorities have remained tight-lipped and not attributed these cyberattacks to any particular country. The latest updates in the B.C. cyberattack, however, came on the same day that the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security warned of China's increased targeting of Canadian citizens and its organizations through the scale and scope of its cyber operations. The Cyber Centre said China’s cyber operations surpass other nation-state cyber threats in terms of volume, sophistication, and breadth of targeting. China’s cyber threat actors have targeted a wide range of sectors in Canada, including all levels of government, critical infrastructure, and the Canadian research and development sector. The Cyber Centre said the government networks have been compromised multiple times by Chinese actors, who still frequently attempt reconnaissance against these networks. Government entities at all levels, including federal, provincial, territorial, municipal, and indigenous are the prime targets of Chinese actors, and thus, should be aware of the espionage risk.

China Increasingly Targeting Canadians with Cyber Operations

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Mihir Bagwe
3 June 2024 at 16:30

China Increasingly Targeting Canadians with Cyber Operations

China is increasingly targeting Canadian citizens and organizations through the scale and scope of its cyber operations, warned the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre) in a cyber threat bulletin issued Monday. The Cyber Centre said China's cyber operations surpass other nation-state cyber threats in terms of volume, sophistication, and breadth of targeting. China's cyber threat actors have targeted a wide range of sectors in Canada, including all levels of government, critical infrastructure, and the Canadian research and development sector.
“The threat from China [to Canadian organizations] is very likely the most significant by volume, capability, and assessed intent. China-sponsored cyber threat actors will very likely continue targeting industries and technologies in Canada that contribute to the state’s strategic priorities.”
- Canada's National Cyber Threat Assessment 2023-2024

China Increasingly Targeting Canadians through Cyberespionage

Chinese cyber threat actors often operate under the directives of PRC intelligence services, targeting information that aligns with the national policy objectives of Beijing. This includes economic and diplomatic intelligence relevant to the PRC-Canada bilateral relationship and technologies prioritized in PRC's central planning, Canada said. Government of Canada networks have been compromised multiple times by Chinese actors, the Cyber Centre said. With all known compromises addressed, Chinese cyber threat actors still frequently conduct reconnaissance against federal networks, and other government organizations should be aware of the espionage risk. Last month, British Columbia, the westernmost province in Canada, reported facing multiple “sophisticated cybersecurity incidents” on government networks. Public Safety Minister and Solicitor General Mike Farnworth later told reporters that an unnamed state actor made three attempts to breach B.C. government networks. Chinese threat actors also target large datasets containing personal information for bulk data analysis and profiling, the Cyber Centre warned. Online services often collect personal information from their users to function. When personal information is exposed through data breaches or willingly released by the user, it can be used by cyber threat actors to facilitate identity theft or targeted fraud against the user. Cyber threat actors can collect financial details and social information, information on habits, health, and home security, and location and travel data. The targets include:
  • Government entities at all levels, including federal, provincial, territorial, municipal, and Indigenous.
  • Organizations or individuals in close partnership with government entities.
  • Universities, labs, and technology companies involved in research and development of PRC-prioritized technologies.
  • Individuals or organizations perceived as threats by the PRC, especially those advocating for Taiwan and Hong Kong independence and Chinese democracy.
[caption id="attachment_74511" align="aligncenter" width="1024"]Cyberespionage, China Increasingly Targeting Canadians Source: Canadian National Threat Assessment Report 2023-24[/caption]

Elections, Critical Infrastructure Targeted

Canada recently revealed unsuccessful Chinese attempts to interfere in past elections too. Beijing has refuted these allegations but the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) in an annual report warned of ongoing Chinese interference in Canadian political affairs, risking democratic integrity.
“Canada’s strong democratic institutions, advanced economy, innovative research sectors, and leading academic institutions make Canada an attractive target for cyber-enabled espionage, sabotage, and foreign influenced activities, all of which pose significant threats to Canada’s national security,” the report said.
The report identified China as a state-based threat conducting widespread cyberespionage across various sectors, including government, academia, private industry, and civil society organizations. The Cyber Centre also shares concerns with the U.S. about PRC cyber threat groups pre-positioning network access for potential attacks on North American critical infrastructure in case of conflict in the Indo-Pacific.
"The Cyber Centre assesses that the direct threat to Canada’s critical infrastructure from PRC state-sponsored actors is likely lower than that to U.S. infrastructure, but should U.S. infrastructure be disrupted, Canada would likely be affected as well due to interoperability and interdependence in the sectors of greatest concern."
Sectors of greatest concern include energy, telecommunications, and transportation. However, the prelude to the attacks on the provincial government networks also saw the targeting of the healthcare sector in the country, which makes it a cause of concern too. The first of the attacks in this sector was on the retail and pharmacy chain London Drugs, followed by a cyberattack on the First Nations Health Authority (FNHA), which compromised its employee information and limited personal data.

Threat Tactics Detailed

PRC cyber threat actors are known for several sophisticated techniques, the report said:
  • Co-opting compromised small office and home office (SOHO) routers to conduct activity and avoid detection.
  • Using built-in network administration tools for malicious activity, blending into normal system traffic.
  • Compromising trusted service providers to access client information or networks.
  • Rapidly weaponizing and proliferating exploits for newly revealed vulnerabilities, posing a continuous risk.

Mitigating the Chinese Threat

The Cyber Centre advises the Canadian cybersecurity community, especially provincial, territorial, and municipal governments, to enhance their awareness and protection against PRC cyber threats. Recommended measures include:
  1. Isolate Critical Infrastructure: Isolate critical components and services from the Internet and internal networks and test manual controls for operational continuity.
  2. Increase Vigilance: Monitor networks for tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) reported by the Cyber Centre and partners. Focus on identifying and assessing unusual network behavior.
  3. Restrict Movement: Pay attention to vulnerable entry points, such as third-party systems. Disable remote access from third-party systems during incidents.
  4. Enhance Security Posture: Patch systems focusing on vulnerabilities identified by the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. Enable logging, deploy network and endpoint monitoring, and implement multi-factor authentication. Create and test offline backups.
  5. Incident Response Plan: Have a cyber incident response plan and continuity of operations and communications plans ready and tested.
By adopting these measures, organizations can better defend against and mitigate PRC cyber threats, the report said.

Researcher Uncovers Exploited Flaw in Cox Modems That May Have Impacted Millions of Customers

✇Cybersecurity News and Magazine
By: Alan J
3 June 2024 at 12:32

Researcher Uncovers Exploited Flaw in Cox Modems That May Have Impacted Millions of Customers

Cybersecurity researcher Sam Curry discovered that his home network had been compromised while experimenting with his HTTP traffic setup. The researcher discovered that the intrusion was not limited to specific devices, affecting both his PC and iPhone. Upon further investigation, Curry concluded that the intrusion may have stemmed from a massive breach of Cox modems rather than a localized attack. This intrusion may affect millions of individuals and entire networks, with the attacker being linked to a history of phishing campaigns and router attacks.

Unfamiliar IP Address Replaying Cox Modems HTTP Requests

Curry discovered that an unfamiliar IP address (159.65.76.209) had been intercepting  web traffic requests on his home network while attempting to test out his network's HTTP traffic setup. This suspicious behavior was not tied to a single device, affecting the researcher's iPhone in addition to his computer. [caption id="attachment_74339" align="alignnone" width="2800"]159.65.76.209 COX MODEMS COX ROUTERS Virus Total Scan of Suspected IP [159.65.76.209] (Source: samcurry.net)[/caption]This led him to believe the incident was much more complicated than a mere localized attack scenario. When the researcher attempted to isolate the intrusion by switching between cloud providers such as AWS (Amazon Web Services) and GCP (Google Cloud Platform), the suspicious activity remained. This led him to suspect that his modem had been compromised. Sam traced the suspicious IP address to Digital Ocean and shared his findings three years later on vacation with his friends, who worked for various threat intelligence companies - and together they proceeded to find out how big the problem was. The researchers were able to link this suspicious IP address to a history of malicious usage such as involvement in hosting content for targeted phishing campaigns on ISG Latam (a South American cybersecurity company), as well as Adidas. The IP address had been used to host over 1,000 domains, all of which followed a pattern of a name followed by six numbers and the top-level domain. This pattern suggests the usage of a domain generation algorithm by the malware operators to rotate C&C server addresses for additional obfuscation. [caption id="attachment_74327" align="alignnone" width="1478"]COX modems cox routers domains Source: samcurry.net[/caption] The researcher said it was challenging to understand the attacker's intent, as they had targeted ISG Latam, Adidas and his own modem through the use of the same IP address.

Hidden API Calls and Extent of Compromise

Diving further, the researcher looked for publicly known vulnerabilities in the model of the Cox modem that he owned, but discovered that even three years later there were no known exploits. The researcher confirmed remote management facility within the router while helping a friend set up their Cox Modem, calling the ISP's support number and inquiring if they would be able to remotely push an update to the device in the new location. The support agent disclosed this remote management ability included updating device settings, changing WiFi passwords, and information on connected devices. The researcher theorized a potential backdoor in the router's remote management, focusing on the TR-069 protocol that allows ISPs to remotely administer devices. The researcher had a strong suspicion that this feature or tools that were utilized by the ISP's support teams were being exploited. Upon examination of Cox Business portal’s API, the researcher uncovered numerous unprotected endpoints with potential for extensive unauthorized access from attackers. The researcher believed that the vulnerable API may have access to both residential and business services offered by Cox. [caption id="attachment_74342" align="alignnone" width="2800"]Hidden API Calls Sam Curry COX ROUTERS MODEMS Exposed Hidden API Calls of COX Modems (Source: samcurry.net)[/caption] The researcher was able to exploit the router configuration page to load hidden API documentation, exposing an underlying vulnerability that could theoretically grant hackers control over the modems of millions of Cox customers. Curry disclosed these findings to Cox through their responsible disclosure page. The disclosure led Cox to take down the vulnerable API calls within six hours, with the researcher confirming that they were no longer able to reproduce any of the discovered vulnerabilities the day after. Cox stated that the reported API vector was not observed being exploited in the past, but confirmed that they had no affiliation with the reported DigitalOcean IP address. The researcher stated that this indicated that his device had been compromised through an alternative method than disclosed in his blog and to the ISP service. The compromise of the researcher's device along with his own disclosure after discovering vulnerabilities in the modem's hidden API calls are examples of the inherent risks in remotely managed systems. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.
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