The maker of Zepbound reported results from a study of retatrutide, which targets three hormones in the body and led to much more weight loss than any approved drug.
The Trump administration said that had the new prices been in effect last year, Medicare would have saved $12 billion, which would have reduced its spending on those drugs by 44 percent.
The studies were a setback for the optimistic view that semaglutide and other drugs used in obesity and diabetes treatment could help prevent a number of brain diseases.
A trial of semaglutide, the miracle drug branded as Ozempic and Wegovy for diabetes and weight loss, failed to find any effect of the drug on cognition and functioning in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
The weight loss medicines are proving to be a test case for Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the health secretary, in straddling divisions between his supporters and the president.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the health secretary, appearing in the Oval Office on Nov. 6 with other health officials, the chief executives of Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly and others.
President Trump announced a deal with Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk to lower prices on hugely popular weight-loss drugs for Medicare, Medicaid and American patients who pay with their own money.
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