Microsoft Corp. today issued security updates to fix more than 80 vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and software. There are no known “zero-day” or actively exploited vulnerabilities in this month’s bundle from Redmond, which nevertheless includes patches for 13 flaws that earned Microsoft’s most-dire “critical” label. Meanwhile, both Apple and Google recently released updates to fix zero-day bugs in their devices.

Microsoft assigns security flaws a “critical” rating when malware or miscreants can exploit them to gain remote access to a Windows system with little or no help from users. Among the more concerning critical bugs quashed this month is CVE-2025-54918. The problem here resides with Windows NTLM, or NT LAN Manager, a suite of code for managing authentication in a Windows network environment.

Redmond rates this flaw as “Exploitation More Likely,” and although it is listed as a privilege escalation vulnerability, Kev Breen at Immersive says this one is actually exploitable over the network or the Internet.

“From Microsoft’s limited description, it appears that if an attacker is able to send specially crafted packets over the network to the target device, they would have the ability to gain SYSTEM-level privileges on the target machine,” Breen said. “The patch notes for this vulnerability state that ‘Improper authentication in Windows NTLM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network,’ suggesting an attacker may already need to have access to the NTLM hash or the user’s credentials.”

Breen said another patch — CVE-2025-55234, a 8.8 CVSS-scored flaw affecting the Windows SMB client for sharing files across a network — also is listed as privilege escalation bug but is likewise remotely exploitable. This vulnerability was publicly disclosed prior to this month.

“Microsoft says that an attacker with network access would be able to perform a replay attack against a target host, which could result in the attacker gaining additional privileges, which could lead to code execution,” Breen noted.

CVE-2025-54916 is an “important” vulnerability in Windows NTFS — the default filesystem for all modern versions of Windows — that can lead to remote code execution. Microsoft likewise thinks we are more than likely to see exploitation of this bug soon: The last time Microsoft patched an NTFS bug was in March 2025 and it was already being exploited in the wild as a zero-day.

“While the title of the CVE says ‘Remote Code Execution,’ this exploit is not remotely exploitable over the network, but instead needs an attacker to either have the ability to run code on the host or to convince a user to run a file that would trigger the exploit,” Breen said. “This is commonly seen in social engineering attacks, where they send the user a file to open as an attachment or a link to a file to download and run.”

Critical and remote code execution bugs tend to steal all the limelight, but Tenable Senior Staff Research Engineer Satnam Narang notes that nearly half of all vulnerabilities fixed by Microsoft this month are privilege escalation flaws that require an attacker to have gained access to a target system first before attempting to elevate privileges.

“For the third time this year, Microsoft patched more elevation of privilege vulnerabilities than remote code execution flaws,” Narang observed.

On Sept. 3, Google fixed two flaws that were detected as exploited in zero-day attacks, including CVE-2025-38352, an elevation of privilege in the Android kernel, and CVE-2025-48543, also an elevation of privilege problem in the Android Runtime component.

Also, Apple recently patched its seventh zero-day (CVE-2025-43300) of this year. It was part of an exploit chain used along with a vulnerability in the WhatsApp (CVE-2025-55177) instant messenger to hack Apple devices. Amnesty International reports that the two zero-days have been used in “an advanced spyware campaign” over the past 90 days. The issue is fixed in iOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS Sequoia 15.6.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8, and macOS Ventura 13.7.8.

The SANS Internet Storm Center has a clickable breakdown of each individual fix from Microsoft, indexed by severity and CVSS score. Enterprise Windows admins involved in testing patches before rolling them out should keep an eye on askwoody.com, which often has the skinny on wonky updates.

AskWoody also reminds us that we’re now just two months out from Microsoft discontinuing free security updates for Windows 10 computers. For those interested in safely extending the lifespan and usefulness of these older machines, check out last month’s Patch Tuesday coverage for a few pointers.

As ever, please don’t neglect to back up your data (if not your entire system) at regular intervals, and feel free to sound off in the comments if you experience problems installing any of these fixes.

Google has patched 111 vulnerabilities in Android, including two critical flaws, in its September 2025 Android Security Bulletin.

While the last few months have been quite calm regarding the number of vulnerabilities, this month is a real whopper with 111, compared to 6 in August and none in July.

The September updates are available for Android 13, 14, 15, and 16. Android vendors are notified of all issues at least a month before publication, however, this doesn’t always mean that the patches are available for all devices immediately.

You can find your device’s Android version number, security update level, and Google Play system level in your Settings app. You’ll get notifications when updates are available for you, but you can also check for them yourself.

For most phones it works like this: Under About phone or About device you can tap on Software updates to check if there are new updates available for your device, although there may be slight differences based on the brand, type, and Android version you’re on.

If your Android phone shows patch level 2025-09-05 or later then you can consider the issues as fixed.

Keeping your device as up to date as possible protects you from known vulnerabilities and helps you to stay safe.

Technical information

Google notes that:

“there are indications that the following may be under limited, targeted exploitation.

CVE-2025-38352

CVE-2025-48543”

But it doesn’t provide any details about how and against whom these vulnerabilities were used. So, let’s have a closer look at those two first.

CVE-2025-38352 is a race condition vulnerability in the Linux kernel time subsystem, which may allow a local attacker to gain an elevation of privilege (EoP).

A race condition vulnerability means that during a moment where different threads (processes or programs) use the same resource,  but they are not synchronized, it creates a brief period during which an attacker could exploit the race window.

In this case the resource is the CPU time, the amount of time that a central processing unit (CPU) was used for processing instructions of a computer program or operating system.

A “local attacker” which can also be an installed app or shell could exploit this vulnerability to gain permissions it would normally not get or have.

CVE-2025-48543 is a vulnerability in Android runtime. The Android Runtime (ART) is the system responsible for running applications on Android devices. Basically it translates instructions into machine code which the processor understands. The vulnerability could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

And then there is the vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-48539. This critical vulnerability was found in the System component and could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) code execution with no additional execution privileges needed and no user interaction required.

The part where the description says remote (proximal/adjacent) is a bit of a mystery, but our best guess is this means an attacker could compromise a device from a short distance, so it might be by means of Bluetooth, NFC, or Wi-Fi Direct.

This type of vulnerability always makes researchers nervous, because they could be “wormable,” meaning they can spread from one device to the next. And if that is true, they can spread like wildfire in crowded environments like concerts and conferences.

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