Chinese food in orbit, hard-working robots, and lightning strikes a rising rocket. As the Earth's northern hemisphere moves through autumn, let's check in on humanity's exploration of space.

Sun An international team found gorgeous images of the photosphere and "small-scale magnetized Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities in the solar photosphere." (previously). Mercury The European Space Agency (ESA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) BepiColombo mission arrived at Mercury. However, that planet closest to the Sun seems to be shrinking faster than previously understood. Venus A new study argues that Venus may have been covered with oceans a long time ago. A moon may once have orbited ancient Venus but spiraled in to its destruction. On Earth's surface In Canada an amateur astronomer identified an impact crater; "[a]fter consultations with the Innu Council of Ekuanitshit, the research team is calling the crater Uhackatik." Wildfires in Spain threatened a NASA observatory. In Chile an observatory started its "Legacy Survey of Space and Time," a decade-long project to "create the most comprehensive, cinematic record of the universe in history." Japan's experimental RV-X rocket lifted off, moved horizontally, then safely landed nearby in a test. RocketLab announced it was offering a portable spaceport, the Global Hypersonic & Orbital Spaceport Technology, or GHOST. Indian company Skyroot hopes to produce one launch vehicle per month. NASA's Office of Inspector General called for upgrades to launch facilities as Artemis missions and private rocketry increase pressure on the system. NASA stated that it won't fly humans on the Boeing Starliner until 2028. The Trump administration issued a national space transportation policy. Demand for space launches might soon exceed rocket capacity. From Earth's surface to orbit German's Isar Aerospace successfully launched a Spectrum rocket from Norway into Earth orbit, the first such mission from a Western European site. Lighting struck a Long March rocket as it ascended, but the craft went on to a successful orbital deployment. Another Long March suffered an anomaly and exploded (archive link). A Taiwanese rocket launch failed (archive). NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope successfully launched, deployed solar panes and heatshield, and is on its way to an L2 point position with plenty of fuel. (previously). A Falcon rocket accomplished two achievements in August: 100 SpaceX missions that year to date, and the 37th mission for booster B1067. Starship's 13th mission reached orbit, deployed Starlink satellites, and returned to Earth. A camera captured the first 15 seconds of Starship's engines firing from close up; cameras on some of those Starlinks looked back at their launch vehicle (another copy). A Google satellite reached orbit, carrying a group of Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) running Gemma AI in a test of orbital data center capacity. In Earth orbit The Tiangong space station now serves more than 200 different meals. Russia's Rassvet satellites are apparently struggling to reach needed altitude. Polish company Orbital Matter is testing out materials 3d printed by its Replicator 2. Kyoto University researchers are using Starlink data to study Earth's thermosphere. NASA and Katalyst conceded defeat in an effort to rescue the failing Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Swift is still doing its best to track gamma-ray bursts. (previously) A United States Space Force exercise saw one satellite successfully launch, target, and intercept another. Space Force also declared it had placed "space control weapons" in orbit. back down to Earth A NASA astronaut in orbit observed cities changing their lighting technologies. The number of alerts for space debris falling to Earth has increased. The United States Federal Communications Commission granted Reflect Orbital permission to orbit its Eärendil-1 satellite, designed to reflect solar light onto the Earth's night side. Reflect then bought space on a Skyroot launch. SpaceX is struggling to make Starship's heat shield reusable. A petition warned that expanding satellite numbers with orbital data centers would cause Earthly damage, including pollution and ozone layer depletion. More than 40 million years ago it seems that an asteroid struck what is now known as the North Sea. Earth's Moon In 2024 an asteroid struck the moon, "the largest contemporary impact crater found in the Solar System and, according to current models, a once-in-132-year event.' A Falcon 9 rocket stage crashed into the moon (photo). A lunar hole, Marius Hill Pit, may become a habitat for human visitors. NASA's Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Exploration mission (CADRE) will rove the lunar surface to some degree of autonomy. NASA is also considering sending Promise, an engineering model for Perseverance, to the moon. The China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) delayed launching its Chang'e 7 (嫦娥七号) lunar mission until 2027. Mars Perseverance set a new record for offworld driving, having notched up 28.10 miles in over 14 years (seen from HiRISE). The rover also took photos of Phobos crossing in front of Earth. Not to be outdone Curiosity came across "honeycomb-like textures called polygonal fractures." Speaking of Martian moons, Japan's Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission is due to launch today (previously). Pioneer Labs announced they made their first microbe for a Mars mission. Planetary geological and former NASA program administrator Adriana C. Ocampo Uría called for an international approach to human settlement of Mars; NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman rejected that. To the asteroids Tianwen-2 (天问二号) reached asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa and is scheduled to attempt a sample return. Astronomers were able to image 44 Nysa clearly enough to find it was unusually triple-lobed and had its own tiny moon. China's National Space Administration (CNSA) is considering a two-ship mission to strike and observe a near Earth asteroid. Jupiter The Juno probe marked ten years orbiting and working around Jupiter. Saturn Astronomers working with Hubble imagery discovered a new ten-sided atmospheric shape on Saturn's southern pole. Neptune The large moon Triton may have wrecked preexisting Neptunian moons when it first arrived, leaving tiny moons as orbital wreckage behind. (previously) In the Kuiper belt NASA's New Horizons safely awoke from hibernation mode as it traveled nearly 6 billion miles from Earth. It may become the third human craft to exit the solar system. However, funding cuts threaten two instruments.

On the Science desk, Victoria Jaggard spends her days pondering the universe’s most pressing mysteries.

On the Science desk, Victoria Jaggard spends her days pondering the universe’s most pressing mysteries.

"What did four astronauts see, notice, and document as they traveled around the Moon during NASA's Artemis II mission?" asks a new NASA web page, offering some fascinating pictures and video: Through photographs, spoken observations, drawings, and annotations, the Artemis II crew created a unique scientific record — one that is now available to the science community and the public for further study... As part of the mission science plan, lunar scientists asked the Artemis II crew to watch for tiny flashes sparked by rocky fragments hitting the Moon. Even so, some scientists were astonished when astronauts reported seeing five extremely faint "pinprick" bursts of light from 46,000 miles away. After ruling out other sources — cosmic rays or reflections from the spacecraft — the science team confirmed the sightings... The impact flash observations happened during a planned loss of communications while the Artemis II crew was on the far side of the Moon... Apollo astronauts saw similar flashes from lunar orbit, but the Artemis crew likely caught the faintest ever seen with the unaided eye. From the brightness of the flashes, scientists estimated that incoming rocks were each no more than a couple of inches wide. Despite their size, they were traveling thousands of miles per hour, producing just enough light upon impact to be visible. The nearly hour-long total solar eclipse that the crew experienced while passing by the Moon's far side created ideal dark conditions for spotting such subtle bursts. With no atmosphere to slow or burn up incoming debris, projectiles slam freely into the lunar surface. The crew's direct observations of this process on the Moon's far side provided a rare dataset that will help us understand how often these small impacts occur, which is essential for assessing long-term risks to future lunar habitats and infrastructure... The crew reported seeing subtle hues of gray, black, brown, tan, white, green, and blue across the Moon's surface. This muted rainbow offers clues to the rocks and minerals that make up different lunar regions, helping scientists piece together how the Moon — and, by extension, Earth — evolved over time. "Amazing news," Mission Control responded when they heard about the flashes. Space.com reports that when a Mission Control operator looked over at the Science Evaluation Room, "they were jumping up and down, literally." NASA blogged this week that more than 800 gigabytes of Artemis II lunar science data — some previously unreleased — "have been uploaded to NASA's Planetary Data System, the public archive for NASA's planetary missions." This data release includes more than 11,000 full-resolution images and video of the Moon from the crew's handheld cameras and the Orion spacecraft's cameras, 8.5 hours of audio recordings of the crew's scientific observations of the lunar surface, and crew-annotated images... Along with this data, NASA has released the Artemis II Preliminary Lunar Science Report, the Artemis II Lunar Science Operations Report, and the Artemis II Lunar Science Data User Guide.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Margaret Hamilton, the first female programmer hired to work on the space project at M.I.T., was 90.

© NASA/Alamy

MIT computer scientist led development of software for moon mission and earned Presidential Medal of Freedom

Margaret Hamilton, the computer pioneer whose software powered the first moon landing, has died, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced on Wednesday. She was 90.

In an era before titles such as software engineer and computer scientist became mainstream, Hamilton, who died on 30 September, learned to program under the tutelage of a renowned MIT meteorologist.

Continue reading...

© Photograph: AFP/Getty Images

© Photograph: AFP/Getty Images

© Photograph: AFP/Getty Images

A treaty from the 1960s declared that nobody can own outer space. Half a century later, billionaires and superpowers see fortunes to be made nonetheless.

© NASA

The United States wants a reactor on the moon by 2030. A Russian-Chinese alliance is working on one for 2036. Some leading scientists say the danger is great.

© NASA

At a whopping 728 feet wide, the newfound basin hints at the risks that impact events may pose to planned human outposts.

© NASA Goddard/Intuitive Machines

BlueMoon, a shared Chrome and Windows exploit kit, shows why “patch later” is becoming a dangerous gamble.

Security updates are easy to put off. The browser still opens, Windows still works, and choosing to relaunch your browser or restart your computer later can feel harmless.

But a newly documented exploit kit called “BlueMoon” shows how quickly patching delays can become dangerous. Proofpoint Researchers found four espionage groups using the same exploit chain against Chrome browsers running on Windows within days of one another.

The campaign is a timely reminder that once a security flaw, or even its fix, becomes public, attackers may move faster than many users expect.

The attacks began with phishing emails. A victim who clicked a malicious link could be sent to a web page designed to exploit two vulnerabilities in Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine, followed by a Windows vulnerability to break out of the browser’s protections and gain higher privileges on the computer.

The Chrome vulnerabilities used by BlueMoon were patched in the Stable channel on September 3 and September 8, 2026. The first was already actively exploited when Google released its update. Microsoft addressed the Windows vulnerability in its September Patch Tuesday updates, by which point it was also being exploited.

CISA has since added all three flaws to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, which lists vulnerabilities known to have been exploited in real-world attacks.

The notable part is not just that BlueMoon exploited the flaws, but how quickly the capability appears to have spread. Publicly visible upstream fixes can give attackers clues before downstream browser updates reach users, allowing a weaponized chain to be developed and adopted by multiple groups very quickly.

Does that mean that patches can no longer be tested before they are released to the public? No, but we may need to rethink how they are tested and deployed, because it appears some cybercriminals are effectively beta-testing the patches themselves.

The researchers also found clues, but no conclusive evidence, that the exploit kit was developed with AI assistance. The broader concern is credible: AI tools can help attackers interpret source-code changes, write and modify code, document test results, and learn from failed attempts.

In practical terms, the gap between “a flaw is fixed upstream” and “most people are protected” may be increasingly valuable to attackers. We should try to minimize that gap.

How to stay safe

Not every security update needs to be installed the moment it appears. In organizations especially, updates may need testing, staged deployment, and contingency plans. But vulnerabilities known to be actively exploited deserve greater priority. That is precisely why CISA’s KEV catalog is so important: It helps organizations identify the vulnerabilities they should address first.

For home users:

• Install browser and operating-system updates promptly. Use the few minutes they take to grab a drink rather than repeatedly postponing them.
• Don’t click links in unsolicited emails.
• Use up-to-date, real-time anti-malware protection to help catch the malware that exploit kits attempt to deliver.

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Stop threats before they can do any harm.

Malwarebytes Browser Guard blocks phishing pages and malicious sites automatically. Free, one click to install. Add it to your browser →

Researchers want to explore the idea that microscopic particles shed by alien civilizations have accumulated on the lunar surface, making it an archive of extraterrestrial technology.

© NASA