Chinese food in orbit, hard-working robots, and lightning strikes a rising rocket. As the Earth's northern hemisphere moves through autumn, let's check in on humanity's exploration of space.
Sun
An international team
found gorgeous images of the photosphere and "small-scale magnetized
Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities in the solar photosphere." (
previously).
Mercury
The European Space Agency (ESA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
BepiColombo mission
arrived at Mercury. However, that planet closest to the Sun
seems to be shrinking faster than previously understood.
Venus
A new study argues that Venus may have been
covered with oceans a long time ago. A moon may once have orbited ancient Venus but
spiraled in to its destruction.
On Earth's surface
In Canada an amateur astronomer
identified an impact crater; "[a]fter consultations with the Innu Council of Ekuanitshit, the research team is calling the crater Uhackatik." Wildfires in Spain
threatened a NASA observatory. In Chile an observatory
started its "Legacy Survey of Space and Time," a decade-long project to "create the most comprehensive, cinematic record of the universe in history." Japan's experimental RV-X rocket lifted off,
moved horizontally, then safely landed nearby in a test.
RocketLab
announced it was offering a portable spaceport, the Global Hypersonic & Orbital Spaceport Technology, or GHOST. Indian company Skyroot
hopes to produce one launch vehicle per month. NASA's Office of Inspector General
called for upgrades to launch facilities as Artemis missions and private rocketry increase pressure on the system. NASA stated that it
won't fly humans on the Boeing Starliner until 2028. The Trump administration
issued a national space transportation policy. Demand for space launches might soon
exceed rocket capacity.
From Earth's surface to orbit
German's Isar Aerospace successfully
launched a Spectrum rocket from Norway into Earth orbit, the first such mission from a Western European site. Lighting
struck a Long March rocket as it ascended, but the craft went on to a successful orbital deployment. Another Long March
suffered an anomaly and exploded (
archive link). A Taiwanese rocket launch
failed (
archive).
NASA's
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope successfully
launched,
deployed solar panes and heatshield, and
is on its way to an L2 point position
with plenty of fuel. (
previously). A Falcon rocket
accomplished two achievements in August: 100 SpaceX missions that year to date, and the 37th mission for booster B1067. Starship's 13th mission
reached orbit, deployed Starlink satellites, and returned to Earth. A camera
captured the first 15 seconds of Starship's engines firing from close up; cameras on some of those Starlinks
looked back at their launch vehicle (
another copy). A Google satellite reached orbit,
carrying a group of Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) running Gemma AI in a test of orbital data center capacity.
In Earth orbit
The
Tiangong space station now
serves more than 200 different meals. Russia's
Rassvet satellites are apparently
struggling to reach needed altitude. Polish company Orbital Matter is
testing out materials 3d printed by its Replicator 2. Kyoto University researchers are using Starlink data to
study Earth's
thermosphere.
NASA and Katalyst
conceded defeat in an effort to rescue the failing
Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Swift is still
doing its best to track gamma-ray bursts. (
previously) A United States Space Force exercise
saw one satellite successfully launch, target, and intercept another. Space Force also
declared it had placed "space control weapons" in orbit.
back down to Earth
A NASA astronaut in orbit
observed cities changing their lighting technologies. The number of alerts for space debris falling to Earth has
increased. The United States Federal Communications Commission
granted Reflect Orbital permission to orbit its Eärendil-1 satellite, designed to reflect solar light onto the Earth's night side. Reflect then
bought space on a Skyroot launch. SpaceX is
struggling to make Starship's heat shield reusable. A
petition warned that expanding satellite numbers with orbital data centers would cause Earthly damage, including pollution and ozone layer depletion. More than 40 million years ago it seems that an asteroid
struck what is now known as the North Sea.
Earth's Moon
In 2024 an asteroid
struck the moon, "the largest contemporary impact crater found in the Solar System and, according to current models, a once-in-132-year event.' A Falcon 9 rocket stage
crashed into the moon (
photo). A lunar hole, Marius Hill Pit, may
become a habitat for human visitors.
NASA's Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Exploration mission (CADRE) will
rove the lunar surface to some degree of autonomy. NASA is also
considering sending Promise, an engineering model for Perseverance, to the moon. The China Manned Space Agency (CMSA)
delayed launching its
Chang'e 7 (嫦娥七号) lunar mission until 2027.
Mars
Perseverance set a new record for offworld driving, having
notched up 28.10 miles in over 14 years (
seen from HiRISE). The rover also
took photos of Phobos crossing in front of Earth. Not to be outdone Curiosity
came across "honeycomb-like textures called polygonal fractures." Speaking of Martian moons, Japan's Martian Moons eXploration (
MMX) mission is due to
launch today (
previously).
Pioneer Labs announced they
made their first microbe for a Mars mission. Planetary geological and former NASA program administrator
Adriana C. Ocampo Uría called for an international approach to human settlement of Mars; NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman
rejected that.
To the asteroids
Tianwen-2 (天问二号)
reached asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa and is scheduled to attempt a sample return. Astronomers were able to
image 44 Nysa clearly enough to find it was unusually triple-lobed and had its own tiny moon. China's National Space Administration (CNSA) is
considering a two-ship mission to strike and observe a near Earth asteroid.
Jupiter
The Juno probe
marked ten years orbiting and working around Jupiter.
Saturn
Astronomers working with Hubble imagery
discovered a new ten-sided atmospheric shape on Saturn's southern pole.
Neptune
The large moon Triton may have
wrecked preexisting Neptunian moons when it first arrived, leaving tiny moons as orbital wreckage behind. (
previously)
In the Kuiper belt
NASA's New Horizons safely
awoke from hibernation mode as it traveled
nearly 6 billion miles from Earth. It
may become the third human craft to exit the solar system. However, funding cuts
threaten two instruments.