Rachel de Souza names Middlesbrough and Hounslow among hardest places in which to grow up and says some children are being ‘radically failed’

Services for children in parts of England are in a “state of emergency”, according to a report that identifies what it claims to be the hardest places in the country for young people to grow up in.

The children’s commissioner, Rachel de Souza, said in some local authorities individual service failures or systemic problems meant “no child could reasonably be expected to thrive and those that do thrive do so against the odds”.

Downing Street delivered a rare rebuke to a senior member of Donald Trump’s administration

Asked why the Lib Dems were opposed to a third runway at Heathrow when they professed to be in favour of growth, Cooper said she did not accept that a third runway would produce all the benefits its supporters claimed.

She explained:

On Heathrow, it is clear from looking at all of the economic analysis of airport growth over the last few years that many of the promises made by all sorts of different airport companies simply haven’t come to bear.

The promise of higher wage jobs hasn’t been substantiated. Often it’s lower paid jobs, and often not as many as they’ve claimed.

The long-running series in which readers answer other readers’ questions considers a universal juvenile put-down

• This week’s question: will there ever again be a band as big as the Beatles or the Stones?

Why is a child going “Na-na, na-na-na!” annoying the world over? I read recently that kids do a version of this in every culture and country. Fred Corbett, London

Send new questions to nq@theguardian.com.

A shooting at an elementary school in Bend on Thursday left three children and one teacher dead

For three long hours on Thursday afternoon, Joe Camarlinghi waited at a Bend, Oregon, church for word about his daughter.

Camarlinghi had received an alert about a shooting at Silver Rail elementary, heard sirens and quickly headed to campus, where he was directed to the church along with other parents. Parents and teachers cried and hugged, and waited.

To protest against shameful conditions in schools is entirely legitimate. The government’s response is not

As a secondary school pupil in 1994, I took part in protests against a reform that would have allowed French employers to pay young people below the minimum wage. Our campaign was successful, but if we had had to face the terrifying police response unleashed on student protesters in France over recent weeks, I would have stayed at home.

A 14-year-old boy, Eden, suffered a fractured jaw and had teeth knocked out after a police teargas grenade struck him in the face. Sixteen-year-old Maël lost the sight in one eye allegedly after being struck by a shot from an LBD, a form of rubber-bullet launcher. Evan, 15, had his hand blown off in an explosion involving a police stun grenade. And in Dunkirk, a police SUV is alleged to have driven repeatedly at groups of secondary school pupils, as an officer could be heard saying: “Come closer, we’ll smash their fucking faces in.” Accounts from children left terrified by brutal treatment in police custody describe traumatic experiences with severe psychological and physical consequences.

Rokhaya Diallo is a French journalist, film-maker, activist and Guardian Europe columnist

Do you have an opinion on the issues raised in this article? If you would like to submit a response of up to 300 words by email to be considered for publication in our letters section, please click here.

He may have been eclipsed by the more progressive Paddington of late, but AA Milne’s creation is not just a Silly Old Bear

“Pooh, promise you won’t forget about me, ever. Not even when I’m a hundred,” Christopher Robin implores his bear in the final chapter of AA Milne’s The House at Pooh Corner. This week Winnie-the-Pooh himself turned 100, and he certainly hasn’t been forgotten. Birthday celebrations have included a week of special programmes, introduced by the queen, on Radio 4; a collection of Royal Mail stamps; and a Google doodle.

Not bad for “a bear of very little brain” who appeared in four slim books. Winnie-the-Pooh, illustrated by EH Shepard, was published on 14 October 1926 and had sold 150,000 copies in the US by the end of the year.

OpenAI is facing separate legal challenges over how ChatGPT interacts with children.

The Guardian reports that eight US states accuse the company of misleading parents about the chatbot’s safety and exposing vulnerable users to dangerous conversations. Separately, CNET reports that a mother suing on behalf of her two children alleges that OpenAI collected and used children’s sensitive personal information without valid parental consent.

The cases raise serious questions about what happens when children trust a chatbot with their most private thoughts, and what responsibility the company behind it has for the conversations that follow.

The accusations are serious, but we have to remember they are allegations in lawsuits, not established court findings.

Eight states challenge ChatGPT’s safety

On October 14, attorneys general from Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, West Virginia, Arkansas, Arizona, Idaho, and Montana filed separate lawsuits against OpenAI. The coordinated action accuses the company of deceiving parents about ChatGPT’s safety and violating state consumer protection laws.

The states allege that the chatbot has been designed to be “overly agreeable and feign human compassion.” The attorneys point to examples of ChatGPT allegedly endangering vulnerable users, including children, by coaching them to commit suicide or harm others.

OpenAI says it has built age-specific protections into its products and will continue developing safeguards.

A separate lawsuit focuses on children’s private information

The day before the states filed their cases, a Hawaii mother brought a proposed class action on behalf of her 12-year-old daughter and 16-year-old son. Filed in federal court in San Francisco, the lawsuit alleges that OpenAI obtained sensitive information from children who signed up for ChatGPT without valid parental permission.

OpenAI’s terms require users under 18 to have a parent or legal guardian’s permission. But the complaint alleges that children can create accounts without OpenAI verifying that permission. It also describes a child under the service’s minimum age of 13 continuing to use the chatbot after explicitly telling it her age.

The plaintiffs allege that the company used children’s information to train its AI models without valid parental consent. They also claim that OpenAI collected information to construct personal profiles.

OpenAI disputes the claims, calling the lawsuit “misguided” and pointing to its protections for younger users.

Parental controls

OpenAI has introduced ChatGPT for Teens, with additional parental controls and alerts intended to notify linked parents in limited situations involving serious self-harm concerns. But the effectiveness of those safeguards is itself under scrutiny. Common Sense Media rated ChatGPT for Teens an “unacceptable risk” earlier this month, reporting that its testing found failures to alert parents during conversations involving suicide, self-harm, or eating disorders.

OpenAI disputes the findings and says its safety alerts cover limited situations and may not identify every concern. But for now, parental controls remain part of the dispute.

How to help keep your children safe

Parents shouldn’t have to compensate for unsafe product design. Unfortunately, we can’t treat parental controls as a safety guarantee. So here are practical steps families can take to reduce the risks:

• Explain that a chatbot is software, not a friend or therapist. A warm tone doesn’t mean it understands your child or has their best interests at heart. Set a clear boundary: Questions about mental health, self-harm, or personal safety should go to a trusted adult or qualified professional, not a chatbot.
• Talk about what your child uses AI for, without making it an interrogation. Ask them to show you the apps they use and what they like about them. Make clear that they can talk to you about any upsetting or inappropriate conversation without being blamed. If they don’t feel comfortable talking to you, help them identify another trusted adult.
• Encourage children to keep personal information out of their prompts. This includes names, school details, addresses, private photographs, and sensitive health or family information. For ChatGPT, parents with linked teen accounts can also disable model training and saved memory. While these settings reduce certain uses of their information, they are not a reason to treat a chatbot as a confidential diary.
• Watch for growing emotional reliance on AI. If you find your child increasingly turns to AI for reassurance, friendship, or emotional support, check in and help them reconnect with people they trust.

If your child mentions self-harm or suicide, take it seriously and seek human help promptly. Contact a qualified healthcare professional or crisis service. If there is immediate danger, contact local emergency services. Don’t wait for a chatbot or a parental notification to tell you to act.

Let’s face it, an incognito window can only do so much. 
 
Breaches, dark web trading, credit fraud. Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection monitors for all of it, alerts you fast, and comes with identity theft insurance. 

Gavin Guffey was 17 when he was targeted by a ‘sextortionist’ on Instagram. His father Brandon has spent four years fighting for justice, and for social media companies to do more to safeguard young users

What were the last words Brandon Guffey said to his son Gavin? Four years on, he still struggles with this question. “That last exchange, it bothers me constantly,” he says. “I think I said, ‘Goodnight, buddy. I love you,’ and he said, ‘I’ll see you in the morning.’ I sincerely hope that’s what I said. The truth is, I’ll never know for certain.”

The exchange happened in 2022, on a hot July in Rock Hill, South Carolina, where, just weeks before, Guffey had won the Republican ticket to stand for the state’s House of Representatives. The election was three months away, Guffey’s head was buzzing with politics, and he’d spent that evening at a local event.

More than 50 families call for investigation into how Vincent Chan was allowed to return to job after inquiry by nursery

The parents of the victims of paedophile nursery worker Vincent Chan have reacted with fury to the news that he was cleared to return to work after “significant concerns” were raised by the parent of a young girl.

As first revealed in the Guardian, Chan was reported to his employer, the nursery chain Bright Horizons, by a concerned parent in 2021.

Amid worries about children’s relationship to tech, the solution is often spending more time talking openly with each other

We have become obsessed with the idea that screens are destroying human connection.

The evidence seems to be everywhere. Each week headlines warn of teenagers addicted to phones, a loneliness epidemic and the dangers of AI. The release of The Social Reckoning leads us to ask, “How bad were those guys at Meta?” and then ultimately wonder, “How bad am I if I still use Instagram?” In our day-to-day, we observe workers eating lunch alone while scrolling and friends choosing online games over offline gatherings.

Responding to an editorial on the extent of sexual abuse of pupils by their peers, a reader calls for more nuance and compassion. Plus a letter from Donna Hill

As a paediatrician specialising in the care of children who have been sexually abused, I am well aware of sexual harm that occurs in school settings by peers (Editorial 5 October). This is just one aspect of the wider issue of children and young people who sexually harm other children and young people.

Of all the children my organisation cares for, 30% are harmed by other children – data we shared with the children’s commissioner in their report in 2023 on the impact of pornography on harmful sexual behaviour on children.

Experts say children who live and learn in institutions away from their parents will always be more vulnerable

• Warning: contains graphic content some readers may find upsetting

Benji* was in his early teens when a fellow pupil at one of the country’s most prestigious independent schools began a series of sexual assaults against him that went on for years.

He had previously been happy at school, where he excelled at sport. Then one night he woke in his dormitory to find the other boy’s hand on his penis. “I just froze,” said Benji.

Tulip Siddiq and a parent urge the government to take a number of steps to keep children safe, in response to an editorial

Your editorial on early years provision (The Guardian view on nurseries: some things are going right for under-fives, 4 October) ends by referring to the horrifying case of Vincent Chan, who worked at Bright Horizons nursery in north-west London. We write as the MP representing the constituency in which the nursery is situated and as the parent of children who attended the nursery and were victims of Chan. We believe his case exposed serious gaps in the safeguarding system that urgently need addressing by government.

First, CCTV should be mandatory in nurseries. When used with appropriate safeguards, it can provide both a deterrent and an important source of evidence when allegations are made.

The phenomenon of pupils wrecking equipment and setting fire to classrooms predates the current crisis. Is it rooted in poverty, social media peer pressure – or just plain boredom?

Like most French primaries on Wednesdays, Marcel Pagnol school, in the eastern suburbs of Lyon, was shut on 19 June 2024. But at 6.30pm that evening, two boys turned up late for school – by two years. Former pupils there, the 13-year-olds struggled to break through the crispy lattice of the front-door window with a garden fork and a broom. Using a window-breaker, they finally created an opening large enough to force their way in without hurting themselves.

What happened next is captured in a video the pair subsequently posted on Snapchat. Once inside they prowl the classrooms, corridors and canteen, slinging around scooters and smashing up computer equipment, setting off fire extinguishers and upending furniture. They help themselves to pouches of Capri‑Sun from the fridge: “I don’t give a fuck – I’m taking the lot.” The boy not filming sets small fires as they move through the building, squirting each one with a little jet of lighter fuel. “I love what’s happening here!” says his accomplice. “I love fire.”

Vincent Chan went on to abuse children after being cleared of ‘significant concerns’ following council-overseen inquiry

A paedophile nursery worker was cleared by an investigation overseen by a local authority three years before he was arrested.

In February, Vincent Chan was jailed after pleading guilty to 56 offences, including assault by penetration on three-year-old girls in his care at a Bright Horizons nursery on Finchley Road in north-west London. After his conviction, prosecutors described him as a “prolific sexual predator”.

England-focused mental health review returns stark warning and calls for shift to ‘needs-led’ system

• Explainer | What has the Fonagy review found and what does it recommend?

• Analysis | No ‘snowflakes’: mental health review says today’s youth have it harder and harms are real

The NHS in England is heading into a “world of system failures” as it struggles to cope with relentlessly rising demand for mental health, ADHD and autism care, leaving those affected desperate for support, a government-commissioned inquiry has found.

The stark warning was made in a review led by Prof Peter Fonagy into the sharp rise in demand over recent decades for help with mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions.

Campaigners and Send parents including Chris Packham, Carrie Grant and Sally Phillips urge ministers to work with families and organisations to preserve individual provision and improve accountability in the system

The legal rights of children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (Send) are still under threat. The government’s proposed Send and education otherwise than at school (Eotas) reforms would significantly reduce existing legal rights to enforceable education, health and care plans (EHCPs), parental choice of educational settings and independent routes of appeal.

We support the government’s ambitions for a more inclusive education system. Better teacher training, earlier identification of need, greater specialist expertise and a properly staffed workforce are all necessary. But none of these initiatives require children and families to surrender the legal protections they currently have.

Overhaul of special education in England could unravel, thinktank finds, because of ‘use it before you lose it’ dynamic

Labour’s flagship changes to special education in England are at risk of unravelling because parents are rushing to secure support for their children before the system changes, new analysis has found.

The Institute for Government (IfG) thinktank says the government’s plans to largely replace education, health and care plans (EHCPs) in England with more widespread support in mainstream schools may be too optimistic and take longer to complete than its 2030 timeline.

Fiona Lindop says she will always be grateful to the TV presenter for establishing the Meet-a-Mum Association

Esther Rantzen (Obituary, 1 October) is rightly remembered and honoured for her wide-ranging charity work, including establishing Childline and the Silver Line. One of the charities that she pioneered was the Meet-a-Mum Association (Mama), founded in 1979. Mama established a network of local groups offering friendship and support for new mothers.

In 1984, I was a young mum with a toddler and a two-week-old baby, and had just moved to Hertfordshire from South Yorkshire. Mama was a lifeline that helped me become part of the new community with access to support, and I joined the local Mama committee soon after.

From Day of the Dead to Samhain, celebrating autumn is centuries old. Now, I want this to be a moment of magic and connection for my kids

Darker nights are drawing in, there’s a hint of a chill in the air and the supermarket’s seasonal aisles are groaning with spooky paraphernalia. Halloween is coming. Every year about now, I tell myself I’m going to get my hands on a pumpkin and bake a pie like the ones my mum would make with us when we were little.

Halloween wasn’t a huge deal in our house, and neither was baking, but I hold warm memories of helping my mum go through the steps that led us to one delicious latticed pumpkin pie and one ugly jack o’lantern that we would display in the window with pride.

What makes someone pick up a camera at a young age, and what can their images tell us? A new book and show explore why a child’s first photo could be as formative as their first record

What was the first photograph you took? Though most of us use cameraphones every day, few think about how the habit started or even why we choose the pictures we keep. Photography is one of the most popular hobbies in the world, typically picked up in childhood, but its impact – particularly pre-smartphone and digital imagery – has not been much studied. This lapse fascinates Annebella Pollen, professor of visual and material culture at the University of Brighton.

“My generation is used to being asked: ‘What was the first record you bought?’ Music is seen as a key part of identity formation, but what if something similar crystallises when we handle a camera?” she asks. “I certainly remember my first photos, because they coincided with me falling in love, as a 10-year-old, with a beautiful boy at school. I pursued him with my camera.”

From blood pressure to ageing, research suggests the first 1,000 days of sugar exposure could leave a decades-long mark on health

They were born into a Britain still recovering from the hardships of war. Though the air-raid sirens had fallen silent, many everyday foods remained rationed, including sugar. Adults were restricted to about 3 tablespoons (40g) a day to stretch between cups of tea, baking and desserts; children were limited to less than a tablespoon. Babies and very young children were expected to have little or no added sugar.

Then, in 1953, the brakes came off. Separate restrictions on sweets and chocolate were lifted in February, followed by sugar in September. By the second half of 1954, average sugar consumption had almost doubled.

Silvia Zhang and Guojun Xuan had 15 children, aged between two months to 13 years, removed from their home

A California couple has been arrested on child abuse charges following an investigation into a surrogacy scheme involving at least 21 kids, police said on Tuesday.

Silvia Zhang and her husband, Guojun Xuan are expected to face conspiracy to commit child abuse charges, according to the Los Angeles county sheriff’s department.

The New York Times has a long article (alt link) on surveillance systems aimed at babies. They are increasingly using AI.

Nanit and its rivals want to own 24/7 health tracking for the sub-four-foot set. And their already astonishing levels of baby data collection are just the beginning. Nanit recently raised $50 million from investors to expand its use of A.I. and use its camera to track speech and language development, motor skills and more, while extending its presence in children’s bedrooms into early adolescence.

A New Mexico court has ordered Meta to pay a total of $942 million after finding that Facebook and Instagram harmed young users and that the company misled consumers about the safety of its platforms.

Reportedly, the decision combines a $375 million civil-penalty verdict from March with a newly ordered $567 million abatement fund intended to address the damage. The court accepted the state’s argument that Meta had concealed what it knew about risks to children’s mental health and child sexual exploitation, while making misleading claims about the safety of its products.

Meta said it disagreed with the ruling and planned to appeal.

“We remain confident in our record of protecting teens online and will continue to defend ourselves against claims that misrepresent the facts.”

But the ruling is more than just a fine. It also imposes product-level obligations in New Mexico. Meta must continue improving its age-assurance tools, including:

• Develop an under-13 prediction model within two years.
• Seek proof of age from users it estimates are under 13.
• Treat uncertain accounts as belonging to minors until their age is verified.
• Delete personal data collected from under-13 users.

The company must also create a channel through which schools or a child-safety organization can report suspected underage accounts and submit compliance updates twice a year.

This is a significant step. A company can remove individual accounts or posts after the fact, but the New Mexico case focuses on whether the surrounding product design, age checks, disclosure practices, and reporting systems adequately protect children in the first place.

From Meta’s side, this is hardly a one-off incident. The Wall Street Journal reports that Meta is fighting thousands of lawsuits by individuals, school districts, and more than 40 state attorneys general which are pending in state and federal courts. 

Safer. Cleaner. Ad-free browsing.

INSTALL BROWSER GUARD

How to keep your children safe

In February, we published research on how safe kids are when using social media. As the company behind Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, Meta plays a major role in this field. But unfortunately, it seems Meta isn’t even capable of blocking ads that contain AI generated Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM).

Some tips for parents:

• Keep communication open. Keep conversations about online activity open and ongoing, not one-off warnings. Talk to your child about who they interact with online and what kinds of conversations are appropriate. Warn them about strangers in comments, group and gaming chats, and direct messages. Encourage them to leave spaces that make them uncomfortable, even if they didn’t do anything wrong.
• Set up accounts together. Use child or teen accounts where available and avoid defaulting to adult accounts. Keep friends and followers lists set to private. Avoid using real names, birthdays, or other identifying details unless they are strictly required. Avoid facial recognition features for children’s accounts. For teens, be aware of “spam” or secondary accounts they’ve set up that may have looser settings.
• Treat age limits seriously. While we don’t like many of the ways they are implemented, the age restrictions are there for good reasons. Do not help children bypass a platform’s minimum age requirement. Age restrictions can reduce exposure to adult spaces, unwanted contact, and features not designed for children.
• Discuss images and AI explicitly. Teach children never to send intimate images, even to someone they know, and to be wary of “nudify,” face-swap, or AI image-editing apps. Explain that AI-generated sexual images can be used to harass, blackmail, or humiliate someone, even when no original explicit photo exists.
• Have a simple escalation plan. If someone becomes sexual, coercive, threatening, or asks to move a conversation to another app: stop replying, preserve relevant evidence, block the account, and report it to the platform and appropriate child-protection or law-enforcement services.
• Teach a “pause before you click” habit. Children should know that ads, giveaways, direct messages, and links can be scams or gateways to harmful material. Encourage them to ask an adult before installing unfamiliar apps, entering personal information, or sharing photos.

The most effective and probably hardest of them all is to find a balance between relying on device and platform controls and helicopter parenting. Device and platform controls can limit screen time, sensitive content, and unknown contacts. And they work best alongside trust, shared rules, and periodic check-ins rather than covert surveillance.

Scammers don’t need to hack you. They just need you to click once. 

Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection catches suspicious activity before it becomes a problem.

A New Mexico court has ordered Meta to pay a total of $942 million after finding that Facebook and Instagram harmed young users and that the company misled consumers about the safety of its platforms.

Reportedly, the decision combines a $375 million civil-penalty verdict from March with a newly ordered $567 million abatement fund intended to address the damage. The court accepted the state’s argument that Meta had concealed what it knew about risks to children’s mental health and child sexual exploitation, while making misleading claims about the safety of its products.

Meta said it disagreed with the ruling and planned to appeal.

“We remain confident in our record of protecting teens online and will continue to defend ourselves against claims that misrepresent the facts.”

But the ruling is more than just a fine. It also imposes product-level obligations in New Mexico. Meta must continue improving its age-assurance tools, including:

• Develop an under-13 prediction model within two years.
• Seek proof of age from users it estimates are under 13.
• Treat uncertain accounts as belonging to minors until their age is verified.
• Delete personal data collected from under-13 users.

The company must also create a channel through which schools or a child-safety organization can report suspected underage accounts and submit compliance updates twice a year.

This is a significant step. A company can remove individual accounts or posts after the fact, but the New Mexico case focuses on whether the surrounding product design, age checks, disclosure practices, and reporting systems adequately protect children in the first place.

From Meta’s side, this is hardly a one-off incident. The Wall Street Journal reports that Meta is fighting thousands of lawsuits by individuals, school districts, and more than 40 state attorneys general which are pending in state and federal courts. 

Safer. Cleaner. Ad-free browsing.

INSTALL BROWSER GUARD

How to keep your children safe

In February, we published research on how safe kids are when using social media. As the company behind Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, Meta plays a major role in this field. But unfortunately, it seems Meta isn’t even capable of blocking ads that contain AI generated Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM).

Some tips for parents:

• Keep communication open. Keep conversations about online activity open and ongoing, not one-off warnings. Talk to your child about who they interact with online and what kinds of conversations are appropriate. Warn them about strangers in comments, group and gaming chats, and direct messages. Encourage them to leave spaces that make them uncomfortable, even if they didn’t do anything wrong.
• Set up accounts together. Use child or teen accounts where available and avoid defaulting to adult accounts. Keep friends and followers lists set to private. Avoid using real names, birthdays, or other identifying details unless they are strictly required. Avoid facial recognition features for children’s accounts. For teens, be aware of “spam” or secondary accounts they’ve set up that may have looser settings.
• Treat age limits seriously. While we don’t like many of the ways they are implemented, the age restrictions are there for good reasons. Do not help children bypass a platform’s minimum age requirement. Age restrictions can reduce exposure to adult spaces, unwanted contact, and features not designed for children.
• Discuss images and AI explicitly. Teach children never to send intimate images, even to someone they know, and to be wary of “nudify,” face-swap, or AI image-editing apps. Explain that AI-generated sexual images can be used to harass, blackmail, or humiliate someone, even when no original explicit photo exists.
• Have a simple escalation plan. If someone becomes sexual, coercive, threatening, or asks to move a conversation to another app: stop replying, preserve relevant evidence, block the account, and report it to the platform and appropriate child-protection or law-enforcement services.
• Teach a “pause before you click” habit. Children should know that ads, giveaways, direct messages, and links can be scams or gateways to harmful material. Encourage them to ask an adult before installing unfamiliar apps, entering personal information, or sharing photos.

The most effective and probably hardest of them all is to find a balance between relying on device and platform controls and helicopter parenting. Device and platform controls can limit screen time, sensitive content, and unknown contacts. And they work best alongside trust, shared rules, and periodic check-ins rather than covert surveillance.

Scammers don’t need to hack you. They just need you to click once. 

Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection catches suspicious activity before it becomes a problem.